| A | B |
|---|
| Sacajawea | an Indian womn who served as a guide and translator to Lewis and Clark |
| Lewis and Clark | sent by Jefferson to explore the new territories that lay west of the Mississippi |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | prohibited the states from taxing agencies of the federal government |
| Marbury v. Madison | first case where judicial review was used |
| John Marshall | first Chief Justice of the United States |
| George Mason | authored the Virginia Declaration of Rights |
| Anti-Federalist | believed in a strong state government |
| Federalist | believed in a strong national government |
| James Madison | author of the "Virginia Plan" and was considered the "Father of the Constitution" |
| Senate | legislative body based on equality |
| House of Represenatives | legislative body based on state population |
| Benjamin Franklin | negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France |
| George Washington | general of the American army and first president of the U.S. |
| neutrals | colonists who tried to stay as uninvolved in the war |
| tories (loyalists) | remained loyal to Britain |
| patriots | believed in complete independence from England |
| minutemen | Revolutionary War soldiers |
| Thomas Jefferson | author of the Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Statutes of Religious Freedom |
| Thomas Paine | author of the pamphlet Common Sense |
| John Locke | an enlightenment author whose writings inspired Thomas Jefferson |
| Quakers | a religous group in Pennsylvania |
| American Indians | lost traditional territories and fell victim to diseases carried from Europe |
| House of Burgesses | first elected assembly in the New World |
| indentured servants | people who agreed to work on tobacco plantations for a period of time to pay for passage to the New World |
| cavaliers | English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia |
| Puritans | seeking freedom from religious persecution in Europe |
| James Monroe | founder of the Monroe Doctrine which stated that American continents should not be included in future colonization by Europeans |
| Eli Whitney | creator of the Cotton Gin |
| aristocrat | a member of the aristocracy |
| Andrew Jackson | employed the spoils system after being elected to office |
| Henry Clay | supported the National Bank that Jackson vetoed |
| William Lloyd Garrison | publisher of The Liberator, an antislavery newspaper |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser | leaders of slave rebellions here in Virginia |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony | leaders of the women's suffrage movement |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union military commander |
| Robert E. Lee | Confederate general |
| Frederick Douglass | prominent black abolitionist |
| Andrew Johnson | was president after Lincoln and was eventually impeached |
| Jim Crow | a fictitious character who was used as a symbol of racial segregation and discrimination |
| American cowboy | led cattle drives for hundreds of miles |
| Chinese | helped build the Transcontinental Railroad |
| Slavs, Italians and Poles | worked in coal mines of the East |
| Henry Bessemer | creator of the Bessemer process |
| Thomas Edison | light bulb inventor |
| Alexander Graham Bell | telephone inventor |
| Wright Brothers | airplane inventors and pilots |
| Henry Ford | creator of the Model T and assembly line manufacturing |
| Andrew Carnegie | steel industrial leader |
| J.P. Morgan | leader in the financial world |
| John D. Rockefeller | oil industrial leader |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | railroad industrial leader |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | the Supreme Court ruled "separate but equal" |
| Ida B. Wells | led an anti-lynching crusade |
| Booker T. Washington | believed equality came through vocational education |
| W.E.B. DuBois | believed education was meaningless without equality |
| Dred Scott | a slave who tried to sue his master for his freedom |
| Theodore Roosevelt | creator of the "Square Deal" |
| Woodrow Wilson | president during World War I and creator of the "New Freedom" |
| Samuel Gompers | founder of the American Federation of Labor |
| Eugene V. Debs | founder of the American Railway Union |
| Senator John Hay | proposed a policy that would give all nations equal trading rights in China |
| President Taft | encouraged dollar diplomacy which urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America |
| League of Nations | an international group created after WWI and failed |
| Franklin Roosevelt | responsible for the New Deal |
| Axis Powers | Germany, Japan and Italy |
| Central Powers | Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire |
| Allied Powers | United States, Britain, France |
| Hitler | dictator of Germany |
| Tojo | emperor of Japan |
| Stalin | dictator of Russia |
| Mussolini | dictator of Italy |
| Tuskegee Airmen | African American pilots who faced discrimination during WWII |
| Navajo Indians | their language was used as communcation code during WWII |
| Mexican Americans | fought in WWII, but they were not segregated |
| people affected by the Holocaust | jews, Poles, Slavs, Gypsies, and "undesirables" |
| Rosie the Riveter | symbol of women entering the workforce during WWII |
| Japanese Americans | were relocated to internment camps |
| United Nations | a body created after WWII for nations of the world to try and prevent future global wars |
| President Truman | creator of the Truman Doctrine and decided to drop the atomic bomb |
| President Nixon | tried to introduce Vietnamization during the Vietnam but failed |
| Ho Chi Minh | dictator of Vietnam |
| Fidel Castro | dictator of Cuba |
| Alger Hiss | convicted of treason |
| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg | convicted and executed because of treason |
| Joseph McCarthy | played on American fears of communism by accusing citizens of being communists |
| President Eisenhower | sent in federal troops to integrate Central High School |
| President Kennedy | sent the first troops over to Vietnam |
| President Reagan | used money to help collapse the Soviet Union |
| Mikal Gorbachev | leader of the Soviet Union at the time of its demise |
| Brown v. Board of Education | ruled that 'separate but equal' is illegal |
| Thurgood Marshall | head of the NAACP Legal Defense Team |
| Oliver Hill | head of the NAACP Legal Defense Team in Virginia |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | known for his 'I Have a Dream' speech |
| Black Panthers | a group who was against King's nonviolent tendencies and followed Malcolm X |
| Malcolm X | believed in 'by any means necessary' |
| President Johnson | escalated the Vietnam War |
| Sandra Day O'Connor | first woman to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court |
| Sally Ride | first female astronaut in the U.S. |
| Patrick Henry | American Revolutionary who said "Give me liberty or give me death" |
| John Adams and Alexander Hamilton | leaders of the Federalist party (opponents of the Democratic Republicans) |
| Abraham Lincoln | author of the Emancipation Proclamation |
