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Electrolyte Imbalances - Signs and Symptoms
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| Hyponatremia | anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weakness, lethargy, confusion, muscle cramps and twitching, seizures |
| Hypernatremia | thirst, hyperpyrexia, sticky mucous membranes, dry mouth, hallucinations, lethargy, irritability, seizures |
| Hypokalemia | fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, decreased GI motility, dysrhythmias, paresthesia, flat T waves on EKG |
| Hyperkalemia | muscle weakness, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, flaccid paralysis, intestinal colic, tall T waves on EKG |
| Hypocalcemia | diarrhea, numbness, tingling of extremities, convulsions, positive Trousseau sign, Chvostek sign, risk for tetany |
| Hypercalcemia | muscle weakness, constipation, anorexia, nausea, vimiting, polyuria, polydipsia, neurosis, dysrhythmias |
| Hypomagnesemia | anorexia, distention, neuromuscular irritability, depression, disorientation |
| Hypermagnesemia | flushing, hypotension, drowsiness, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, depressed respirations, bradycardia |
| Hypophosphatemia | paresthesias, muscle weakness, muscle pain, mental changes, cardiomyopathy, respiratory failure |
| Hyperphosphatemia | short term results in tetany symptoms; long term results in phosphorus precipitation in non-osseous sites |
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School of Practical Nursing |
James Rumsey Technical Institute |
| Martinsburg, WV |
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