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Electrolyte Imbalances - Treatment
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| Hyponatremia | restrict fluids, if IV saline solutions prescribed, the solution should be administered very slowly |
| Hypernatremia | restrict sodium in the diet, beware of "hidden" sodium in foods and medicationsincrease water intake |
| Hypokalemia | potassium supplements can be given PO or IV, oral forms of potassium are unpleasant tasting and are irritating to the GI tract, potassium IV should never be given as a bolus, assess renal status, encourage foods high in potasssium like bananas, oranges, cantaloupe, avocado, spinach, and potato |
| Hyperkalemia | no parenteral potassium, 50% glusoce with regular insulin can be given to reduce the postassium level, Kayexalate can also be used to reduce serum potassium, calcium gluconate is givin to protect the heart, IV loop diuretic may be prescribed, renal dialysis may be required |
| Hypocalcemia | administer calcium supplements orally 30 minutes before meals, IV calsium should be given slowly to avoid tissue necrosis, increase calcium intake, lke dairy products and greens |
| Hypercalcemia | eliminate parenteral calcium, administer agents to reduce calcium such as calcitonin, avoid calcium-based antacids, loop diuretics may be used, renal dialysis may be required |
| Hypomagnesemia | magnesium sulfate IV should be given, encourage foods high in magnesium like meats, nuts, legumes, fish, and vegetables |
| Hypermagnesemia | avoid magnesium-based antacids and laxatives, restrict dietary intake of foods high in magnesium |
| Hypophosphatemia | correct underlying cause, administer oral replacement of phosphates with vitamin D |
| Hyperphosphatemia | administer aluminum hydroxide with meals to bind phosphorus, dialysis may be required if renal failure is underlying cause |
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School of Practical Nursing |
James Rumsey Technical Institute |
| Martinsburg, WV |
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