| A | B |
|---|
| Meiosis | cell division that results in the formation of 4 haploid sex cells |
| Mitosis | cell division that results in the production of cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell |
| cleavage | early stages of development that involves cell division of the zygote |
| stem cells | undifferentiated cells found in the embryo |
| Asexual Reproduction | type of reproduction involving one parent that results in the production of clones |
| Diploid | a cell that contains pairs of homologous chromosomes |
| Haploid | cells that contain half the number of chromosomes found in body cells, includes gametes |
| cloning | technique used by scientists which involves extracting the nucleus of an body cell from one individual and inserting in into an egg cell of the same or different individual. |
| differentiation | stage of development where cells become specialized |
| fertilization | the fusion of haploid gametes, restores the diploid chromosome number, results in the fomation of a single celled zygote |
| crossing over | the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that occurs during the process of meiosis |
| fetus | term given to embryo after ~ two months of development in humans, possesses simple internal organs |
| egg | female gamete, non-motile, provides nutrition for developing embryo |
| gametes | haploid sex cells of organisms, sperm in males, eggs in females |
| ovaries | site of egg production, also produces several hormones involved in menstruation: progesterone and estrogen |
| placenta | organ responsible for the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the fetus' bloodstream |
| progesterone | hormone produced by the ovaries that are responsibel for female secondary sex characteristics and the maintainance of the of lining of the uterus after ovulation |
| estrogen | hormone produced by the ovaries that stimulates the production of Luteinizing Hormone and also triggers the buildup of the uterine lining |
| recombination | the coming together of genetic information during fertilization |
| sexual reproduction | the formation of new individuals through the combination of two sex cells, usually involves two parents |
| species | a group of closely related individuals that share certain characteristics and can produce fertile offspring under natural conditions |
| uterus | organ of the female reproductive tract where the fetus develops |
| zygote | fertilized sperm and egg |
