| A | B |
|---|
| gymnosperm | seed plant that bears its seeds directly on the surfaces of cones |
| cone | in gymnosperms, a seed-bearing structure |
| angiosperm | flowering plant; bears its seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed |
| flower | seed-bearing structure of an angiosperm |
| pollen grain | male gametophyte in seed plants |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from the male gametophyte to the female gametophyte |
| seed | embryo of a living plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply |
| embryo | early developmental stage of a sporophyte |
| seed coat | structure that surrounds and protects a plant embryo and keeps it from drying out |
| Phylum Gnetophyta | gnetophytes (gnetum); approximately 70 species; examples are Welwitschia (live in Nambian desert) and Ephedra (Mormon tea) |
| Phylum Cycadophyta | cycads; large palm-like plants found in the tropics |
| Phylum Ginkophyta | ginkgos; only living species is Ginkgo biloba |
| Phylum Coniferophyta | conifers; approximately 500 species of evergreens; have needles (reduced leaves), a waxy cuticle, and deep stomata to help reduce water loss; examples are pines, spruce, fir, cedar, and yews |
