| A | B |
|---|
| Prokaryotes | cells with no nuclear or internal membrane |
| Eukaryotes | Cells with internal membranes and mitochondria |
| Nucleus | Organelle that contains chromosomes and surrounded by a selectively permeable membrane |
| Nucleolus | Organelle located within the nucleus; functions in ribosome synthesis |
| Ribosome | Site of protein synthesis; found free in the cytoplasm or attached to ER |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Membranous system of channels and flattened sacs that traverse the cytoplasm |
| Golgi apparatus | Packages and secretes substances produced in the ER |
| Lysosomes | Sacs of hydrolytic enzymes surrounded by a single membrane; site of intracellular digestion |
| Peroxisomes | Organelle that contains enzyme that converts harmful H202 to water |
| Mitochondria | Site of aerobic cellular respiration; double membrane organelle containing cristae |
| Food Vacuole | Storage organelle containing food |
| Central Vacuole | Storage organelle found in mature plant cells; enclosed in a specialized membrane called a tonoplast |
| Contractile Vacuole | Organelle that pumps out excess water that diffuses inward; found in freshwater protists |
| Plastids | Plant organelle that chloroplasts, leucoplasts and chromoplasts |
| Chloroplast | The plastid that is the site of photosynthesis |
| Leucoplast | The plastid that stores starch |
| Chromoplast | The plastid that stores carotenoid pigments (red, yellow, and orange) |
| Cytoskeleton | Complex network of protein filaments that extends through the cytoplasm and gives the cell its shape and ability to move |
| Cell Wall | When found in plants it contains cellulose; when found in fungi it contains chitin |
| Plasma Membrane | A selectively permeable membrane taht consists of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in the bilayer |
| Ultracentrifuge | Scientific equipment that spins material at high speeds and separates according to density differences |
| Desmosome | Cell to cell communication; resembles rivets fastening animal cells together |
| Gap Junctions | Functions in cell to cell communication; resembles cytoplasmic channels between animal cells |
| Plasmodesmata | Cell to cell communication; resembles channels between cells in plants |
| Tight Junctions | Cell to cell communication; adjacent animal cell membranes are fused, forming a seal |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death, brought about by signals that activate a cascade of suicide proteins |
| Passive Transport | Movement of materials down a gradient from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration; requires no energy (ATP) |
| Active Transport | Movement of molecules against a gradient from a region of low concentration to a high concentration; requires energy (ATP) |
