| A | B |
|---|
| University | a group of scholars |
| University | new educational institution in the Middle Ages |
| Common law | law based on principles applied throughout a country |
| Gothic | high pointed arches, flying buttresses, ribbed vaults |
| tithe | tax - 1/10 of a family's income |
| interdict | no church ceremonies could be performed |
| investiture | a ceremony in which abbots and bishops received their offices |
| friars | preachers who traveled to spread the Church teachings |
| jury | the group of local people who answered questions about cases for royal judges |
| crusade | wars fought for a religious cause |
| crusade | holy wars |
| crusade | wars fought to regain holy land |
| page | first stage of knighthood |
| squire | second stage of knighthood |
| chivalry | a code of conduct that knights lived by |
| heresy | religious beliefs that differed from the Church's teachings |
| fairs | main place where trading took place |
| three-field system | a new farming system that planted some fields and left the other unplanted |
| apprentice | this person lived in the master's house and worked in the shop for no wages |
| charters | special documents that helped towns gained their independence and privileges |
| cardinals | leading bishops of the Church who had the authority to choose the pope |
| simony | the buying and selling of church offices |
| tournaments | mock battles in which knights competed for glory |
| canon law | religious law - law of the church |
| journeyman | a person who worked for wages and created a masterpiece |
| burghers | town dwellers |
| burghers | middle class people |
| Concordat of Worms | a compromise that stated the church would grant the symbols of office and the king would grant the land |
| Battle of Hastings | William defeated Harold and became the English King |
| Henry II | he increased royal power in the courts and also created the jury |
| Gregory VII | the pope that fought over lay investiture with Henry IV |
| Thomas Aquinas | teacher who attempted to answer questions about God |
| Otto the Great | ruler of Germany who wanted to rule like Charlemagne |
| Richard the Lionheart | this king was the most successful leader in the 3rd crusade |
| Capet | this family ruled France for approximatel 200 years |
| Pope Urban II | pope who called for the 1st crusade |
| Saladin | Muslim leader who opposed Christians |
| Hugh Capet | France |
| William the Conqueror | England |
| Fredrick Barbarossa | Germany |
| Otto the Great | Germany |
| Henry II | England |
| Italy | invaded by Germanic rulers such as Otto and Fredrick I |
| troubadour | traveling poet who sang to women |
| King's Crusade | 3rd Crusade |
| Inquisition | a place where heresy is judged |
| guild | an association of people who worked at the same occupation |
| Holy Roman Empire | name given to kingdom under Fredrick Barbarossa |
