| A | B |
|---|
| Allergies | Hypersensitive immune responses to certain substances called allergens that cause ther release of histamine |
| Anaphylactic Shock | Acute, extreme allergic reaction; results from sudden dilation of blood vessels, which results in precipitous drop in blood pressure. |
| Autoimmune Diseases | A mistake in the immune system where the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself; ex. multiple sclerosis |
| AIDS | Caused by HIV; a retrovirus |
| Specificity | Specialized cells that have different jobs and respond only to a certain cues. |
| Monoclonal Antibodies | Antibodies produced by a single B lymphocyte that has been selected and that produces a single type of antigen |
| Antibodies | Y shaped globular protein molecule consisting of four chains; also called immunoglobins. |
| Plasma Cell | Fight current infection |
| Memory Cells | Circulate in the body permanently, imparting specific lifelong immunity against a particular virus such as polio. |
| Passive Immunity | Temporary; Antibodies are transferred from another animal. |
| Active Immunity | Permanent; individual makes own antibodies. |
| Clonal Selection | Fundamental mechanism in the development of immunity; special B and T lymphocytes are selected by binding to specific pathogenic molecules. |
| Positive Feedback | Amplifies an already existing process in immune system until an endpoint or maximum rate is reached. |
| Macrophages | Developed from monocyte; kills and digests large numbers of germ using their lysosomes. |
| Helper T cells | Set off an alarm to immune system that microbes have broken through the body's lines of defense; part of third line of defense. |
| B Lymphocytes | Humoral response; proliferate into plasma and memory cells; part of the specific immune response. |
| Cytotoxic T Cells | Kills body cells infected with pathogens by releasing perforin which ruptures the microbial membranes; part of the third line of defense. |
| Second Line of Defense | Inflammatory response is initiated by chemical signals and characterized by redness, swelling, and warmth; nonspecific defense that attacks and isolates invading microbes. |
| First Line of Defense | Nonspecific barriers like the skin, stomach acid, mucous membrances and cilia in the respiratory system. |
