| A | B |
|---|
| Abolitionists | people who wanted a complete end to slavery |
| Temperance movement | social reform effort that encouraged people to stop drinking hard liquor |
| annex | to take control of land |
| Manifest Destiny | belief shared by many Americans in the mid-1800s that the United States should expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean |
| rendezvous | annual event held by mountain men to trade furs and socialize |
| James Polk | US President who used the slogan "54'40 or fight |
| James Polk | President during the War with Mexico |
| Britain | other country that claimed Oregon in the 1840s |
| Zachary Taylor | officer Polk sent to defend the U.S. border in Texas. |
| James Polk | United States president that wanted to annex Texas |
| Nueces River, Rio Grande | a land dispute between what two rivers led to the War with Mexico |
| Winfield Scott | general who captured Mexico City during the Mexican War |
| Mexican Cession (Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming) was given to the United States in exchange for $15 million and Mexico agreed that the Rio Grande River was the southern boundary of Texas | provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| U.S. railroad companies wanted to build train routes to California on this land | reason the U.S. purchased the area known as the Gadsden Purchase |
| Santa Anna | leader of Mexico during the Texan fight for independence |
| Moses Austin, | one of the first empresarios to lead Americans into Texas |
| Sam Houston | led the Texans to victory at San Jacinto |
| James Polk | U.S. president who wanted to annex Texas |
| fur | Mountain men were in search of what |
| Jim Bowie, William Travis, Davy Crockett | men who fought to the death at the Alamo |
| south | most people who went to Texas were from this part of the United States |
| slavery | Texas allowed this to exist within its boundaries according to its constitution |
| Joseph Smith | founded the Mormon church |
| Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints | another name for the Mormon church |
| New York | state in which the Mormon Church originated |
| Brigham Young | man who became the Mormon leader after Joseph Smith was killed |
| irrigation | method the Mormons used to turn the desert into farmlands |
| discovery of gold at Sutter's Mills | helped California gain settlers |
| Sierra Nevada | physical obstacle that made the California Trail a difficult route |
| California Trail | trail that led to Sutter's Fort in California |
| Santa Fe Trail | southern U.S. trail that served as a trade route for US and Mexican Merchants |
| Lone Star Republic | nickname of the Republic of Texas |
| missions | What was the community centered around in New Spain before 1821 |
| war with Mexico was inevitable and they didn't want to fight Britain at the same time as Mexico | reason U.S.chose not to fight for the territory up to the 54' 40 parallel |
| it would upset the balance of free and slave states because Texas would be admitted as a slave state | why were some people not in favor of annexing Texas |
| Alamo | battle that became symbolic for people standing up against overwhelming odds |
| Lewis and Clark | first claimed Oregon for the United States |
| Nauvoo | name of community that Joseph Smith started in Illinois |
| practicing polygamy and baptism of the dead | reason the Nauvoo's newspaper criticized Joseph smith |
| destroyed printing press | Joseph Smith's reaction to the newspaper's criticisms |
| Dorothea Dix | woman reformer that helped change the prison system and campaigned to improve the treatment of the mentally ill |
| common-school movement | effort to have all children educated in a common place |
| laws passed to give married women ownership of their wates and property; more women became involved in movement | successes of womens' rights movement |
| William Lloyd Garrison | published the antislavery newspaper, the Liberator |
