| A | B |
|---|
| Evolution | gradual change over time |
| Geologic Evolution | change in the Earth |
| Organic Evolution | change in species since their first appearance on earth |
| fossils | any trace or remain of an organism preserved by a natural process |
| geologic record | provides evidence of the history of life |
| extinct | when the last of a species dies off |
| phylogenic tree | braching diagram that shows relationships between organisms |
| Phylogeny | study of the evolutionary history of a species |
| comparative anatomy | study of structural similarities between species |
| homologous structures | similar structures but different functions |
| analogous structures | similar functions but different structures |
| vestigial structures | remnants of ancestral structures that sever little to no function and possibly reduced in size |
| comparative embryology | similarities in development; gill slits, tail, 2 chambered heart |
| comparative biochemistry | similarities in DNA, amino acids sequence and proteins |
| Lamarck | proposed organism need to adapt to changing environments |
| Use and Disuse | if you use it, it will be better; if you don't you'll lose it |
| inheritance of acquired characteristics | use and disuse can be passed on to future generations |
| Weismann | disproved Lamarck by cutting tails off mice for 22 generations |
| Natural Selection | proposed by Darwin; environment changes and nature selects species that will survive |
| survival of the fittest | organisms that have desirable traits and can compete will live long enough to reproduce |
| overproduction | more offspring are produced than can possibly survive |
| competition | struggle for the necessities of life |
| variation | characteristics that produce difference among a species |
| adaptations | inherited traits that improve the chances of survival |
| structural adaptations | involve the body of the organism - more suited to survive |
| physiological adaptations | improvements in the metabolism of organisms |
| camouflage | blends in to the environment |
| warning coloration | shows predators or prey that they are dangerous |
| mimicry | resembling another species a predator avoids |
| speciation | adaptations accumulate to produce a new species |
| population | group of organisms of the same species |
| mutations | source of genetic variations |
| genetic recombination | forms new alleles during meiosis |
| migration | the moving of organisms to a new population |
| genetic drift | chance that an organism dies that has new, beneficial traits |
| isolation | anything that prevents two groups within a species from interbreeding |
| gradualism | belief that evolution is slow and continuous |
| punctuated equilibrium | species stay the same for long periods of time and then interrupted by rapid evolution |
