| A | B |
|---|
| family | a legal union based on mutual rights and obligations |
| nuclear family | family structure composed of one or both parents and children |
| extended family | two or more adult generations of the same family whose members share economic resources and a common household |
| patriarchy | a pattern in which the oldest man living in the household has authority over the rest of the family members |
| matriarchy | a pattern in which the oldest woman living in the household has authority over all other family members |
| formal schooling | education that is provided and regulated by society |
| open classroom | a nonbureaucratic approach to education based on democracy, flexibility, and noncompetititveness |
| cooperative learning | instructional method that relies on cooperation among students |
| integrative curriculum | an approach to education based on student-teacher collaboration |
| representative democracy | a system of government that uses elected officials to fulfill majority wishes |
| totalitarianism | a political system in which a ruler with absolute power attempts to control all aspects of a society |
| authoritarianism | a political system controlled by elected or nonelected rulers who usually permit some degree of freedom |
| political socialization | informal and formal processes by which a person develops political opinions |
| sacred | holy; set apart and given a special meaning that goes beyond, or transcends, immediate existence |
| secularization | process by which the sacred loses influence over society |
| sect | a religious organization that arises out of a desire to reform an existing religious organization |
| cult | a religious organization whose characteristics are not drawn from existing religious traditions within a society |
| sport | a set of competitive activities in which winners and losers are determined by physical performance within a set of established rules |
| sport subculture | a group of distinct roles, values, norms and beliefs that is organized around a sport activity |
| stacking | assignment of players to less central positions on the basis of race and ethnicity |
| Title IX | The Educational Amendment Act (passed in 1972) which requires public high school and colleges to offer females equal access to sports |
| demography | a scientific study of population |
| crude birth rate | the annual number of live births per one thousand members of a population |
| infant mortality rate | the annual number of deaths among infants under one year of age per one thousand live births |
| urbanization | process by which an increasingly larger portion of the world’s population lives in cities |
| social change | new societal behaviors with important long-term consequences |
| diffusion | process by which one culture or society borrows from another culture or society |
| equalibrium | a state of functioning and balance, maintained by a society’s tendency to make small adjustments to change |
| mass hysteria | collective anxiety created by the acceptance of one or more false beliefs |
