| A | B |
|---|
| What are the two major animal regulatory systems that release chemicals? | endocrine and nervous |
| Chemicals secreted by the endocrine system are called _____. | hormones |
| Chemicals secreted by the nervous system are called _____. | neurotransmitters |
| The hormone called ______ controls metamorphosis in insects. | ecdysone |
| Plant growth hormones are called _______. | auxins |
| Hormones that stimulate other glands to release hormones are called _____. | tropic hormones (for example TSH "thyroid stimulating hormone" is a tropic hormone) |
| A(n) ________ is a natural chemical messenger that is released by one animal and triggers a behavioral response in another animal of the same species. | pheromone |
| _______ stimulates the growth of bones and is secreted by the _____. | Growth hormone (GH), anterior pituitary,  |
| ______ stimulates ovaries and testes and is secreted by the _____. | Luteinizing hormone (LH), anterior pituitary, |
| ______ stimulates the thyroid gland and is secreted by the ______. | Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), anterior pituitary, |
| ______ stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids and is secreted by the ______. | Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), anterior pituitary, |
| ______ stimulates the gonads to produce sperm and ova and is secreted by the ______. | Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anterior pituitary, |
| Which two hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary? | oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), |
| ______ stimulates the contractions of the uterus and mammary glands and is secreted by the ______. | oxytocin, posterior pituitary, |
| ______ promotes retention of water by the kidneys and is secreted by the ______. | Antidiuretic hormone, posterior pituitary, |
| Antidiuretic hormone promotes ______. | retention of water by the kidneys |
| _____ controls metabolic rate and is secreted by the _____. | thyroxin, thyroid, |
| _____ lowers blood calcium levels and is secreted by the _____. | calcitonin, thyroid, |
| Which two hormones are secreted by the thyroid? | thyroxin and calcitonin |
| Calcitonin is a hormone that _________. | lowers blood calcium levels |
| _______ raises blood calcium levels and is secreted by the ______. | Parathormone, parathyroid, |
| Parathormone is a hormone that ______. | raises blood calcium levels |
| Growth hormone (GH) is a hormone that ___________. | stimulates bone growth |
| Luteinizing hormone is a hormone that _____. | stimulates ovaries and testes, |
| Chemical messengers that stimulate nearby cells without entering the blood stream are called _____ and the process is called ______. | local regulators, paracrine signaling |
| An important local regulator that stimulates increased blood flow to areas that need oxygen is ____. | nitric oxide (NO) |
| Which two hormones are gonadotropins? | Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are both tropic hormones that affect the gonads, hence the term "gonadotropin", |
| What do glucocorticoids do and where are they secreted from? | Raise blood sugar levels, adrenal cortex |
| ________ are hormones that raise the blood sugar level, increase metabolic activity and constrict certain blood vessels. They are secreted by the ______. | Epinephrine and norepinephrine, adrenal medulla, |
| Clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas are called ______. | islets of Langerhans (they make up only 1 to 2% of the cells in the pancrease. The rest of the pancreas makes substances that aid digestion), |
| _______ is a hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas and causes ______. | insulin, decrease in blood glucose levels, |
| _______ is a hormone produced by alpha cells in the pancreas and causes ______. | glucagon, increase in blood glucose levels, |
| Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is a hormone that _______. | stimulates the thyroid (its produced by the anterior pituitary), |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a hormone that _____. | stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids (which raise blood sugar levels), |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone that _____. | stimulates the gonads to produce sperm and ova, |
| Oxytocin is a hormone that ______. | stimulates contractions of the uterus and mammary glands |
| Thyroxin is a hormone that ______. | controls metabolic rate |
| Calcitonin is a hormone that ______. | lowers blood calcium levels |
| Parathormone is a hormone that ______. | raises blood calcium levels |
| Glucocorticoids are hormones that _____. | raise blood sugar levels |
| Epinephrine and norepinephrine are hormones that _____. | raise blood sugar levels, metabolic activity and constrict certain blood vessels |
| Insulin is a hormone that ______. | lowers blood glucose levels |
| Glucagon is a hormone that ____. | raises blood glucose levels |
| ______ stimulates T lymphocytes and is secreted by the _____. | Thymosin, thymus, |
| Thymosin is a hormone that _____. | stimulates T lymphocytes (T lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that can differentiate into a variety of T-cell types, which generally work to destroy pathogens and infected cells) |
| _______ is involved with biorhythms and is secreted by the _____. | Melatonin, pineal gland, |
| Melatonin is a hormone that _____. | is involved with biorhythms (and is regulated by light/dark) |
| ________ stimulates uterine lining growth and promotes development and maintenance of female sex characteristics. It is secreted by the ______. | Estrogen, ovaries, |
| Estrogen is a hormone that ______. | stimulates uterine lining growth, promotes development of female sex characteristics |
| _______ promotes uterine lining growth and is secreted by the _____. | Progesterone, overies, |
| Progesterone is a hormone that _____. | promotes uterine lining growth |
| ________ support sperm production and promote male secondary sex characteristics. They are produced by the ______. | Androgens (like testosterone), testes |
| Androgens are hormones that _____. | support sperm production and promote male secondary sex characteristics |
| Androgens in females are produced by the ______. | adrenal cortex (females have testosterone too, but in smaller quantities than males), |
| Estrogens and progestins in males are produced by the _____. | adrenal cortex (yes, males have small quantities of estrogen in them too), |
