| A | B |
|---|
| Cell Respiration | The process by which aerobic cells produce energy (ATP); includes both anaerobic and aerobic phases |
| anaerobic | Term used to describe a process that does not require oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | Energy process that requires the presence of oxygen; occurs in the mitochondria; consists of the Kreb cycle and ETC |
| Adenosine Triphosphate | Used by cells as a source of immediate energy; also known as ATP |
| Fermentation | A catabolic process that produces a small amount of energy in the absence of oxygen; begins with glycolysis and produces either alcohol or lactic acid as a by-product |
| ATP synthetase | A protein complex responsible for producing ATP as protons (H+) flow down a gradient; location is the cristae membrane of the mitochondrion |
| Mitochondrion | Important organelle in the process of cell respiration |
| Electron Transport Chain | Energy-coupling reaction that creates H+ gradient in the cristae membrane necessary for chemiosmosis |
| Chemiosmosis | A process by which ATP is formed in the mitochondria as protons flow down a proton gradient through the ATP synthetase complex in the cristae membrane |
| Glycolysis | The anaerobic breakdown of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate, occurs in the cytoplasm; requires 2 ATP but yields 4 ATP and 2 NADH |
| Substrate-level phosphorylation | Process that produces a small amount of ATP during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle; kinase enzyme transfers a phosphate from a substrate directly to ATP |
| Oxidative phosphorylation | The pathway most ATP is produced during aerobic respiration (chemiosmosis); produces ATP by using energy from the ETC |
| NADH | Created from NAD+; each molecule produces 3 ATP during the ETC |
| FADH2 | Carries electrons to ETC from Krebs cycle, entering at lower energy levels than NADH |
| Redox reaction | Term given to describe reactions that exhibit oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons); LEO the lion goes GER! |
| cytochromes | Protein that help make up the ETC |
| Krebs cycle | Part of the aerobic respiration; also known as the citric acid cycle; produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation |
| Inner matrix | Location in the mitochondria where the Kreb cycle occurs |
| Cristae | Part of the mitochondria where the electron transport chain and ATP synthetase complex occurs |
