| A | B |
|---|
| une métaphore | a direct comparison of two unlike objects by identification or substitution |
| la personnification | objects and animals having human qualities |
| la métonymie | subtitution of a word which relates to the object or person to be named, in place of the name itself |
| la synecdoque | a part represents the whole object or idea |
| la périphrase | replacing a word by its definition |
| une antiphrase | expressing an idea by its opposite, with ironic intent |
| une litote | understatement in which the negative is used to achieve emphasis and intensity |
| une euphémisme | expressing an unpleasant idea with more pleasant words |
| une antithèse | two parallel words that designate opposite realities |
| une oxymore | a form of antithèse in which two words expresing opposite realities are linked by syntax |
| le chiasme | a rhythmic effect in which words are inverted |
| l'hyperbole | gross exaggeration for effect |
| la gradation | a list of words which increase in force for dramatic effect |
| l'anaphore | repetition of a term or word for dramatic effect |
| un paradoxe | a statement which appears selof-contradictory but underlines a basis of truth |
| l'ironie | contrast between actual meaning and the suggestion of another meaning |
| un apostrophe | addressing a person or an object directly |
| une césure | a break in a verse between two rhythmic groups |
| une enjambement | finishing a thought in the next line of a poem |
