| A | B |
|---|
| Macroevolution | Changes in a gene pool that cause evolution of entirely new species |
| Microevolution | Changes in a gene pool that do not necessarily involve the development of new species |
| Fossil Record | Provides evidence that organisms have evolved over 4.6 billion years from prokaryotes; found mostly in sedimentary rock |
| Comparative anatomy | Study of homologous structures helps us understand which organisms are related and share a common ancestry; provides evidence for evolution |
| Comparative embryology | Related organisms go through similar stages in their embryonic development; provides evidence for evolution |
| Molecular biology | A comparision of the amino acid sequence of cytochrome C; provides evidence for evolution |
| Biogeography | the theory of continental drift states that about 200 million years ago, there was one continent, Pangea; provides evidence for evolution |
| Homologous structures | Results from divergent evolution; have similar underlying structure, although the function may be different; demonstrates common origin and ancestry |
| Analogous structures | Have the same function but different internal structure; do not provide evidence of common ancestry; result from convergent evolution |
| Transition fossils | Fossils that link older fossils to modern fossils |
| Jean Lamark | Proposed theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics; use and disuse of organs; abandoned theory of evolution |
| Charles Darwin | Developed the theory of natural selection; published "On the Origin of Species" |
| Thomas Malthus | Proposed the belief that populations grow exponentially and exceed their resources |
| Oparin and Haldane | Hypothesized separatedly that organic molecules could have formed on the early earth |
| Miller and Urey | Tested the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis and proved that almost any energy source would have converted the first molecules to a variety of organic molecules |
| Sidney Fox | Scientist trying to determine how organic molecules arose on ancient Earth; experimented with proteiniod microspheres |
| Heterotroph Hypothesis | the first cells on earth were anaerobic, heterotrophic prokaryotes; they probably arose about 3.5 billion years ago |
| Endosymbiosis Theory | Theory developed by Lynn Margulis; mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotes and took up residence inside large prokaryotes |
