| A | B |
|---|
| Gymnosperms | also known as cone-bearing plants; have modifications for dry environments (needlelike leaves) |
| Bryophytes | first terrestrial plant type; grow close to the ground because they lack vascular tissue |
| Angiosperms | also known as flowering plants; seed is hidden inside the ovary; most diverse group of plants |
| Tracheophytes | plants having transport vessels; includes all plants except mosses and liverworts |
| Xylem | type of vascular tissue; carries water and minerals from soil to shoots and leaves; consists of tracheids and vessel elements; main component of wood |
| Tap root | common root type of dicots; consists of one large, vertical root that stores food |
| Fibrous root | common root type in monocots; anchors plants firmly in soil |
| Adventitious root | roots that grow above the ground; ex. corn |
| Phloem | vascular tissue that carries sugar from the leaves to the roots; consists of sieve tubes and companion cells |
| Seed | consists of the sporophyte embryo packaged with a food supply inside a protective coat |
| Fruit | the ripened ovary of an angiosperm; contains seeds |
| Protonema | a threadlike structure in bryophytes that develops from haploid spores after they germinate |
| Monocot stem structure | Vascular bundles are scattered across the stem |
| Dicot stem structure | Vascular bundles are located in a ring aroung the center |
| Gametangia | collective term for reproductive organ of bryophytes |
| Archegonium | female gametangia; produces eggs; found in gymnosperms and bryophytes |
| Antheridium | Male gametangia; produces sperm; found in gymnosperms and bryophytes |
| Parenchyma cells | most common type of ground tissue; depicted as typical plant cell ; thin, flexible primary cell walls; no secondary walls; |
| Stamen | collective term given to the male reproductive part of the flower |
| Stigma | top structure of the pistil; often contains nectar to attract pollinators |
| Anther | top structure of the stamen |
| Style | long tube like structure that connects the stigma and ovary |
| Pistil | Contains the female parts of the flower: stigma, style and ovary |
| Sepal | lower leaves of a flower |
| Dicots | seeds consists of two parts; veins in leaves are netlike; floral parts are in 4's and 5's; vascular bundles in stems are located in rings |
| Dermal Tissue | functions in protection and absorption |
| Vascular Tissue | examples are xylem and phloem |
| Ground Tissue | functions in support, photosynthesis and storage; types are parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma |
| Dicot root structure | Consists of an epidermis, cortex, stele (vascular cylinder) and endodermis |
| Collenchyma cells | type of ground tissue; uneven and thick primary cell walls; provide support for young plants |
| Sclerenchyma cells | type of ground tissue; have thick secondary cell walls strengthened by lignin; make up xylem elements, tracheids, and vessels |
| Plasmodesmata | continuous pathway from cytosol to cytosol between adjacent plant cells |
| Symplast | system of plasmodesmata |
| Apoplast | the extracellular pathway formed by the connection of all the adjacent cell walls of neighboring plant cells |
| Monocot | seed consists of one part; veins are parallel; floral parts in 3's; vascular bundles in stem are scattered throughout |
