| A | B |
|---|
| Transpiration | the loss of water through the stomates of the leaf |
| Wind | situation that increases the rate of transpiration in plants |
| High Temperatures | situation that increases the transpiration rate in plants |
| Low humidity | situation that will increase transpiration in plants |
| Open Stomates | result from guard cells absorbing water, CO2 levels inside the leaf decrease; potassium ion levels increase inside guard cells |
| Translocation | sap flows down (and around) the phloem of a tree by active transport |
| Water Potential | as one molecule of water evaporates from the leaves, one molecule of water is drawn in through the roots; flows from high to low concentration |
| Cohesion | term used to describe water molecules sticking to themselves |
| Adhesion | water molecules stick to something other than water molecules |
| Flaccid | term used to describe a plant cell that has lost water |
| Turgid | term given to describe a plant cell swollen with water |
| Closed Stomates | Result from guard cells that become flaccid; plants dehydrate; high temperatures; abscisic levels increase |
| C-4 Plants | a plant that fixes carbon dioxide to produce a C4 molecule that releases carbon dioxide to the Calvin cycle |
| CAM Plant | carbon dioxide enters this plant at night through open stomates; it is converted into organic acids; carbon dioxide is released for the Calvin cycle during the day when stomates are closed |
| Vegetative Propagation | asexual reproduction in plants; offspring are clones of parent; can be created by cuttings and graftings |
| Double Fertilization | unique to angiosperms; one sperm fertilizes the ovum and becomes the embryo; the other sperm fertilizes two polar bodies and becomes the endosperm or cotyledon |
| Alternation of Generations | life cycle typica of plants; diploid sporophyte alternates with a haploid gametophyte |
| Mychorrizae | mutualistic fungi that live with the roots of almost all vascular plants; enhances uptake of water and selected minerals |
| Rhizobium | mutualistic bacteria that live in the roots of legumes; help fix Nitrogen gas from the air into a form the plant can utilize |
| Gametophyte Generation | the n or haploid generation; dominates in primitive plants like mosses |
| Sporophyte Generation | the 2n or diploid generation; dominates in flowering plants |
| C-3 Plant | a plant that fixes carbon dioxide via the Calvin cycle; a 3 carbon compound is produced as its first stable intermediate |
| Aquaporins | Membrane channels specific for passive, rapid transport of water into or out of a cell; found in plant and animals |
