| A | B |
|---|
| DNA | carries all information needed for survival and reproducation |
| nitrogen bases | make up the rungs of the DNA molecule |
| sugar and phosphate | make up the sides of the DNA molecule |
| adenine | pairs with thymine |
| cytosine | pairs with guanine |
| CTAGT-complimentary strand | GATCA |
| Watson and Crick | developed the double helix model of DNA |
| genetics | study of heredity |
| heredity | passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| inherited traits | traits that are passed from parents to offspring |
| traits | characteristics |
| chromosomes | threadlike structures in the nucleus of a cell that control heredity |
| genes | segments of a chromosome that control traits |
| replication | process by which new DNA is made |
| dominant gene | the gene that hides the other gene when it is present |
| recessive gene | the gene that is hidden by the dominant gene |
| hybrid (heterozygous) | having two unlike genes |
| purebred (homozygous) | having two genes that are alike |
| X chromosome | two found in each female, carry sex linked traits |
| Y chromosome | one found in males |
| sex linked traits | traits that are controlled by sex chromosomes |
| inherited disease | disease caused by inherited gene |
| selective (controlled) breeding | mating organisms to produce offspring with certain traits |
| inbreeding | mating closely related organisms |
| genetic engineering | methods used to produce new forms of DNA |
| Genotype | genetic make-up of an organism, refers to gene pairs GG, Gg, gg |
| Phenotype | physical appearance of traits, green or yellow |
| incomplete dominance | when neither gene hides the other, they both show |
| Mendel | father of genetics |
| Bb, when blue is b and brown is B | Hybrid brown |
| bb, when blue is b and brown is B | Purebred blue |
| BB | genotype |
| Purebred brown | phenotype |
