| A | B |
|---|
| urbanization | term that describes the movement of people into big cities |
| Political machines | organized like a pyramid, with precinct captains at the bottom and city bosses at the top |
| Pendleton Act | authorized the creation of an independent civil service commision |
| Settlement houses | founded by social reformers to help new immigrants and the poor adjust and fit in to American society |
| the spoils system | system of patronage, giving government jobs to friends and political supporters -- regardless of their qualifications |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| NAACP | the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
| reformers | people who want to change things |
| reform | change |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | halted the sale of contaminated food and drugs and called for truth in labeling |
| Upton Sinclair | muckraking journalist who wrote "The Jungle" |
| Nineteenth Amendment | gave women the right to vote |
| prohibition | era during which the sale, manufacture, and transportation of liquor was banned |
| progressivism | another name for the progressive movement |
| muckraker | term used to describe a journalist who exposed government abuses and big business corruption to the readers of newspapers and magazines |
| Cuba | This nation gained its independence in the Spanish-American-Cuban War |
| USS Maine | soon after it was destroyed, the US declared war on Spain |
| Philippine islands | after the war, the US paid $20 million dollars to Spain for the annexation of this nation |
| Phillippine islands | for which nation's independence did Emilio Aguinaldo fight? |
| China | which nation was the focus of John Hay's "Open Door notes"? |
| Theodore Roosevelt | the Panama Canal was built during his presidency |
| dollar diplomacy | also known as "big stick" diplomacy, this official American policy stated that disorder in Latin America could force the US to send its military into Latin American nations to protect American economic interests |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | his assassination sparked WWI |
| Lusitania | this British liner was sunk by a German U-Boat |
| pacifists | opposed WWI because they perceive all wars as evil |
| Allies | in 1914, this alliance consisted of France, Great Britain, and Russia |
| Central Powers | in 1914, this alliance consisted of Germany, Austria Hugary, and the Ottoman Empire |
| Zimmerman Note | this suggestion of an alliance between Mexico and Germany deeply angered the American people |
| militarism | this long-term cause of the war led to anaval arms race between nations in Europe and the US |
| imperialism | this long-term cause of the war--involving a contest for colonies--was closely linked with industrialization |
| trench warfare | in the Battle of the Somme, this resulted in the exchange of 1.2 million casusalties for seven miles of territory |
| nationalism | this long-term cause of the war encouraged competitiveness between nations and encouraged various ethnig groups to attempt to create nations of their own |
| Selective Service Act | although American women servved in the navy, marines, and Army Corps of Nurses, they were not subject to this |
| Treaty of Versailles | it was rejected by the Senate |
| Fourteen Points | they called for the creation of a League of Nations |
| Treaty of Versailles | it called on Germany to demilitarize, pay war reparations, and return territory to France |
| Fourteen Points | they included a war-guilt clause, forcing Germany alone to accept blame for WWI |
| Fourteen Points | they expressed the belief that colonial policies should consider the interests of colonized people as well as those of imperialist powers |
| U-boats | German submarines |
| the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand | Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for this |
| Germany | the "Zimmerman Note" suggested an alliance between Mexico and this country |
| Mexico | the "Zimmerman Note" suggested an alliance between Germany and this country |
| Woodrow Wilson | president during WWI |
| Rough Riders | Theodore Roosevelt was their leader |
| William McKinley | he was described as "weak" by the de Lome letter |
| Theodore Roosevelt | his foreign policy was known as "big stick" diplomacy |
| Theodore Roosevelt | his diplomatic style was based on the phrase "speak softly and carry a big stick" |
| yellow journalism | name for sensational and foten irresponsible news headlines and stories, used to increase readership |
| Flappers | Young women with shorter hair, make-up, greater independence |
| Henry Ford | Automobile maker who helped revolutionize American industry by pioneering the use of the moving assembly line. |
| consumer good | product made for personal use |
| installment buying | taking home a product after paying part of the price, then making monthly payments until the full price has been paid |
| interest | the money a borrower pays to a lender for the use of money |
| stock market | a place where people buy and sell shares in the ownership of a business |
| stock | shares of ownership in a business |
| urban | city |
| rural | country |
| suburb | community or neighborhood outside of a city |
| commute | travel back and forth |
| communist | person who supports a state-run government |
| Red Scare | fear of communism |
| anarchists | people who did not want any form of government |
| quotas | a set number of people out of a whole group |
| installment credit | making payments and paying interest to pay for something |
| nativism | fear, hatred of foreigners |
| isolationism | America's desire to keep to itself and not get involved in world affairs |
| Ku Klux Klan | members were all native-born white males; drive out foreigners |
| 19th | Amendment that gave all American women the right the vote. |
| prohibition | time when the making, selling, & transporting alcohol was illegal |
| suburbanization | the building of communities outside of cities. |
| 18th | amendment that made the creation, selling, and transporting of alcohol illegal. |
| Railroads | Replaced canals and wagons |
| John D. Rockefeller | Oil Industry |
| Andrew Carnegie | Steel Industry |
| New organization of business | Corporation |
| Trust | a large monopoly |
| Sherman Anti-trust Act | Government law to break up trusts |
| Laissez Faire | Let business be, No gov't involvem't |
| Changes in work force | Women, children, immigrants |
| Working conditions | unsafe, long hours, low pay |
| New Immigrants | Italy, Hungary, Poland |
| New Immigrants came | for jobs, better life, escape persecution |
| Nativists | thought immigrants lowered pay, took jobs |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | law to stop Chinese immigration |
| Tenement | nasty, rundown, crowded apt building |
| Labor Unions | thought to be violent and dangerous |
| Political Machines | Controlled cities; very corrupt |
| Benefit of Political Machines | Helped immigrants; gave jobs |
| Pendleton Act | Law requiring skills test for gov't jobs |
| Social Darwinism | justified European imperialism |
| Cuba | This nation gained its independence in the Spanish-American-Cuban War |
| USS Maine | soon after it was destroyed, the US declared war on Spain |
| Philippine islands | after the war, the US paid $20 million dollars to Spain for the annexation of this nation |
| China | in which nation did the Boxer rebellion take place? |
| Theodore Roosevelt | the Panama Canal was built during his presidency |
| imperialism | this long-term cause of the war--involving a contest for colonies--was closely linked with industrialization |
| yellow journalism | name for sensational and irresponsible news headlines and stories, used to increase readership |
| Panama Canal | "Big Ditch" Opened in 1914, connected Atlantica and Pacific |
| Roosevelt Corollary | The U.S. would come to the aid of any Latin American Country |
| Acted as Roosevlets "Big Stick" | The Navy |
| Benefit of Panama Canal | shorter route for trade and military ships |
| Cuba | This nation gained its independence in the Spanish-American-Cuban War |
| USS Maine | soon after it was destroyed, the US declared war on Spain |
| William McKinley | He asked Congress to declare war on Spain |
| de Lome letter | it criticized the American president, causing American public opinion to turn against Spain |
| Social Darwinism | justified European imperialism |
| imperialism | this long-term cause of the war--involving a contest for colonies--was closely linked with industrialization |
| Patronage | giving jobs to loyal supporters |
| James Garfield | president who believed that people should get jobs on the basis of merit; was killed by a person he did not give a public job to |
| civil service | includes all federal jobs except elected positions and the armed forces |
| Progressives | forward-thinking people who wanted to improve American life |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | required food and drug makers to list ingredients on their packages |
| Temperance Movement | people against the use of alcoholic beverages |
| 18th Amendment | made it illegal to sell alcoholic drinks anywhere in the United States |
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) | founded to fight for equal rights for African Americans |
| Socialists | Blamed capitalism for big gap between rich & poor |
| Secret Ballot | Used to vote with privacy, no pressure |
| 17th Amendment | Senators voted for directly by the people |
| Women gained the right to vote during this year. | 1920 |
