| A | B |
|---|
| prejudice | an attitude toward minority groups based on misconceptions and misunderstandings |
| discrimination | treating members of a minority group unequally and unfairly |
| de jure segregation | segregation by law |
| de facto segregation | segregation by practice |
| scapegoating | unfairly blaming a minority group for problems in a society |
| stereotyping | attributing inappropriate and general traits to individuals within a minority group |
| Active Bigot | thinks and acts prejudicially |
| Timid Bigot | thinks prejudicially but does not act on it |
| Fair Weather Liberal | is not prejudiced, but discriminates anyway based on society norms |
| All Weather Liberal | is not prejudiced; does not discriminate |
| Cultural Pluralism | "Salad Bowl" model: all ethnic groups are accepted, and their unique identities remain intact within a society |
| Assimilation | "Melting Pot" model: minority groups are accepted, but they are expected to adopt the norms and values of maintstream society |
| Legal Protection | minority groups are protected by the law |
| Subjugation | minority groups are forced to accept a second class status |
| Population Transfer | minority groups are forced to move to another part of the country |
| Extermination | a minority group is systematically killed to remove them from a society |
| sharecroppers / tenant farmers | the job of most newly freed slaves after the Civil War |
| 4 ways to keep blacks from voting | 1) poll tax 2) literacy test 3) grandfather clause 4) intimidation |
| the Plessy case | the "separate but equal" doctrine was established |
| Jim Crow laws | segregation laws of the South |
| NAACP | Nat'l. Assn. for the Advancement of Colored People; established in 1910; fights for legal rights of blacks |
| the Brown case | overturned the Plessy precedent: separate is inherently unequal |
| equal protection clause | the part of the 14th Amendment that supports equal rights in America |
| Thurgood Marshall | argued the Brown case; became first black Supreme Court justice |
| Crisis at Little Rock | 9 black students try to integrate Central High School |
| Montgomary bus boycott | organized by Martin Luther Kings after Rosa Park's act of defiance |
| civil disobedience | non-violent protests |
| "I have a dream" speech | Martin Luther King's speech in which he advocated the equal treatment of all people |
| Birmingham protest | police dogs and water cannons were used against student protesters |
| Freedom Ride | testing whether or not bus stations were intergated in the South |
| Selma March | also called Bloody Sunday: a march for voting rights in Alabama |
| Malcolm X | a black Muslim leader who advocated a more militant approach to fighting for civil rights |
| black power salute | Olympic sprinters raised their fists and bowed their heads in protest during the playing of the National Anthem |
| affirmative action | PRO: a helping hand to those who have been discriminated against for many years CON: reverse discrimination |
| racial profiling | discrimination on police practices |
| Bakke case and Michigan rulings | quotas are unconstitutional but pursuing a goal of racial diversity is okay |
| slavery reparations | financial payments intended to make up for hundreds of years of slavery |
| ongoing problems within the black community | 1) institutional discrimination 2) cycle of poverty / lower education 3) "acting white" 4) police profiling 5) bitterness over reverse discrimination |
| common barriers to assimilation | 1) physical traits 2) language 3) religion 4) foreign immigrant 5) history of second class status 6) self-isolation |
| main issue related to Mexican-Americans | illegal immigration |
| main issue related to Cuban-Americans | communist dictatorship in Cuba |
| Internment Camps | prison camps for Japanese-Americans during World War II |
| Trail of Tears | the forced removal of the Cherokee and other eastern tribes to Oklahoma |
| massacre at Wounded Knee | caused in part by the tension that was building over the Ghost Dance |
| the philosophy of most Indian schools | "kill the Indian, save the man" |
| issues of the American Indian Movement | 1) broken treaties 2) sports mascots 3) high poverty rate on reservations |
