| A | B |
|---|
| liberalism | philosophy that supported guarantees of individual freedom, political change, and social reform |
| conservatism | philosophy that supported the traditional political and social order and resisted change |
| status quo | existing state of affairs |
| legitimacy | metternich principle of restoring to power the royal families that had lost their thrones when Napoleon conquered europe |
| socialsim | economic and political system in which society as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all business |
| universal male suffrage | right of all men to vote |
| enclosure movement | the practice of fencing off common lands by individual landowners |
| factory system | system in which workers and machines are brought together in one place to manufacture goods |
| bessemer process | procedure developed in the 1850s that made steel production cheaper and easier |
| productivity | amount of goods a worker can produce in a specific time |
| interchangeable parts | identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing |
| assembly line | production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks |
| mass production | method of manufacturing large quantities of identical goods |
| corporation | business owned by many investors who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment |
| monopoly | total control of the market for a particular product by one corporation |
| laissez faire | french phrase meaning let people do as the choose |
| communism | a form of complete socialism in which there is public ownership of all land and means of production |
| proletariat | working class |
| survival of the fittest | Darwin's theory of natural selection, which states that the best adapted individuals survive |
| sociology | study of society |
| psychology | study of individual behavior |
