| A | B |
|---|
| prime minister | head of the cabinet in parliamentary governments, usually the leader of the largest party in legislature |
| commercial colonialism | practice by which the English East India company controlled India's foreign trade and kept friendly local rulers in power |
| sepoy | indian soldier who served in a european army |
| extraterritoriality | right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nations |
| zaibatsu | wealthy Japanese families hwo brought the chief industries of the country |
| imperialism | domination by one ocuntry of the political, econmic, or cultural life of another |
| colony | territory that an outside power controls directly |
| sphere of influence | region in hwich an outside power calims exclusive investment of trading priviledges |
| protectorate | country whith its own government, but whose polices are directed by an outside power |
| cash crop | crop that can be sold on the world market for money |
| paternalism | system in which an imperial power governs its colonies closely because it believes that the poeople aren't able to govern themselves |
| assimilation | policy whereby an imperial power tries to absorb a colony politically and culturally |
| modernization | creation of a stable society capable of producing a high level of goods and services |
| multinational corporation | large enterprise that operates branches in amny different countries |
| urbanization | movement of millions of peiople from rural villages to cities |
| coup d'etat | revolt by military leaders against a government |
| apartheid | policy of rigid separation of races |
| third world | developing naions that share common economic goals and problems |
| superconductor | material that conducts electricty without resistance, thereby saving energy |
| transistor | small device controlling electrical currents, which contributed to the mass production of computers |
| genetic engineering | laboratory technique that alters the genes of an organism |
| ecology | relationship between living htings and their environment |
| revolution of rising expectations | desire of people in developing nations to enjoy the high standard of living of people in the industrialized world |
| privatization | selling of state owned industries to private investors |
| perestroika | restructuring of the fromer SU's economy and society |
| glasnost | policy of openess instituted in the former SU |
| dissident | person who speaks out against a government |
| detente | french word meaning relaxation |
| liberation theology | doctrine supported by many catholic priests calling for the church to take a role in changing the ocnditions that lead to poverty |
| gross national product | total value of goods and services produced by a nation in a year |
| martial law | temporary rule by the military under which individual rights are limited |
| westernization | adoption of western ideas and customs by nonwestern nations |
| kibbutz | israeli settlement in which people live in community housing projects, work together, and share the profits of their labor |
| peninsular | official sent by spain to rule spanish colonies in the Americas |
| creole | descendant of spanish settlers born in the Americas |
| mestizo | person in Spain's colonies in the Americas who was of mixed european and indian heritage |
| regionalism | loyalty to a specific geographic area |
| caudillo | military dictator |
| ultimatum | final set of demands |
| mobilization | process of calling troops into active service |
