| A | B |
|---|
| What were the three basic causes of disagreement which led to the Cold War? | Russia suspected Britain and the US of delaying too long in opening a second front, Russia still resented the efforts of Britain and US and France towards defeating the Bolsheviks and the western Allies were opposed to Russia's aim of overthrowing capitalism in the western world |
| Did military agression rise up between the USSR and the Western Allies in the Cold War? | No |
| What was Russia afraid of? | That the western leaders would set up governments hostile to communism in eastern and central Europe. Russia was afraid of a renewed and strengthened Germany. |
| What did the western leaders believe about the Soviets during the Cold War? | That they would use their position of superiority after the war to spread the doctrine of Communism through Europe. Some thought that Russia wanted to cause a world revolution in hopes of toppling democratic governments. |
| What eastern European nations did Russia bring under her influence during the Cold War times? | Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria (in addition to Poland) |
| What was the Marshall Plan? | In 1947, US Secretary of State, George S. Marshall, introduced a plan to give economic assistance to those countries in Europe still suffering from the ravages of war. |
| What was the gist of the NATO pledge? | The members pledged that an attack on any one of them would be considered an attack on all of them. |
| When was the first Soviet atomic bomb exploded? | August 1949 |
| Communist Information Bureau or Cominform | to spread communist ideas - made by the soviets in 1947 |
| Council of Economic Assistance of Comecon | to coordinate economic policies in Russia and its satellites - 1949 |
| Warsaw Pact | Soviet military alliance meant to counteract NATO - 1955 |
| NATO means | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
| In the Warsaw Pact, who joined the Soviet Union? | Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania |
| Which was the only country to remain free from Russian domination? | Yugoslavia |
| Who was the leader of Yugoslavia? | Marshall Tito |
| What is the capital of Germany? | Berlin |
| What is the capital of Poland? | Warsaw |
| What is the capital of Czechoslovakia? | Prague |
| What is the capital of Hungary? | Budapest |
| What is the capital of Yugoslavia? | Belgrade |
| What is the capital of Romania? | Bucharest |
| What is the capital of Bulgaria? | Sofia |
| What did Berlin, Warsaw, Prague, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia all have in common in 1946? | They were all under Soviet (Communist) sphere of influence |
| What is the capital of Austria? | Vienna |
| Which two countries were divided into zones of occupation after the war? | Germany and Austria |
| Who made the Iron Curtain Speech? | Winston Churchill |
| After industrialization, what did the chinese improve? | Agriculture |
| China increased their production of ... | Coal, electricity, iron ore, steel |
| Mao's main thrust of his 1953 five year economic plan was ..... | Industrialization of China |
| By the early fifties who controlled all of China? | The communists |
| Mao Tze Tung began what task in the early fifties? | Completely reorganizing China |
| What is the most/was the most populated country in the world? | China |
| What did all the chinese political parties come together to do? | The Communist party and the KMT party made a truce and worked together to evict Japanese from China |
| By 1957, 75% of all chinese peasant families.. | Lived and worked on collective farms in China |
| Mao's second five year plan of 1958 was referred to as.... | The great leap forward |
| In the great leap forward...farms were organized into... | communes of 10 000 to 100 000 people |
| 1960s because of bad weather... | The people became dissatifsfied and the gov allowed them to buy or sell crops |
| Why did the industrial output decline during the 'great leap forward'? | Because there was no technology advances, yet the people were expected to have greater output |
| Soviet-Chinese | Soviets tried to have relationship with the West but the Chinese felt that any peaceful coexistance with the West was against its plans and so the Soviet-Chinese relations were stressed. |
| As a result of the stressed Soviet-Chinese relations, the Soviets.... | Cut of technical assistance to China in 1960 |
| WIthout telling China..... | The Soviets began negotiating the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with Brits and US |
| China was left | completely isolated |
| Chinese Cultural Revolution | 1966 - in support of the radical communist |
| The Cultural Revolution was... | a means of stirring the people back to the ideologies of Communism |
| The Red Guards... | A parlimentary organization was formed by youth who supported the cultural revolution |
| Violence in China in the 1960s was between... | The moderate faction and red guards |
| What was the results of Mao's cultural revolution? | The revolution severely disrupted China's economy and government and Mao had to call the army to restore order |
| During the 1970s, China was concerned about | foreign policies and its isolation |
| China became less critical of capitalism and began to approve of diplomatic relations with the West... | it was mutual |
| In 1971 .... | China became a member nation of the UN and Taiwan was expelled from the UN |
| US - China relations | Nixon signed a limited agreement with the communist China |
| 1979... | Relations between China and US were established more permenantly |
| Mao died in.... | 1976 |
| Hua Kuo-Feng | Became new Chinese leader in 1976, opposed Maoists and gang of four and inprisoned Mao's wife |
| Between 1977 and 1980, Teng Hsiao-Ping gained popularity with the CCP and... | went on to lead the party.....Hua was forced to resign |
| Teng Ping's reforms included: | encouraging western investment in China, introducing capitalism in China |
| After WWII Japan was placed ... | Under US military occupation commanded by McCarther under Truman's presidency |
| McCarther directed Japn from a militaristic monarchy into.. | a more modern industrial democracy |
| 3 general principles were adopted by the american gov to change Japan... | demilitarize Japan, democratize Japan and dissolve the Chinese empire and American occupation policy should be as free as possible from interference by the other Allies |
| What was McCarther's first priority? | Demilitarizatoin of Japan |
| The new constitution for the democratization of Japan was drafted and presented to the Japanese in .. | 1947 |
| What sweeping changes were brought over Japan by the new constitution? | emperor reduced to ceremonial figurehead, british modeled parliament created, 'diet' parliament was divided into the House of Councillors and the House of Representatives (lower - which was elected by the people and could choose the Prime Minister) |
| What date did the new constitution go into effect? | May 3rd, 1947 |
| Land reform act of 1946 | Required all people owning unihabitted land to sell it back to the government, which was then offered for sale to Japanese farmers at low interest rates - land was also taken away from wealthy land owners for the same purpose |
| What was the Zaibatsu? | Economic organizations that controlled most of Japanese industries - was dismantled |
| US ended occupation and peace treaty was signed in | September 1951 - went into effect in 52 when the US were actually gone |
| Liberal Democratic Party was formed in Japan in | 1955 - fundamentally conservative - took control of the Diet |
| Between 1956 and 1961 (in its industries)..Japan.. | trippled its production of steel and manufactured goods and doubled their electrical output during the same period |
| Drawbacks for Japan | Shortage of raw materials and an inability to be competative internationally without strict gov planning |
| Japanese anti-American sentiment was evident at.. | the time of the security treaty's renewal in 1960 - eventually a new treaty was signed and renewed in 1970 |
| Who was the leader of Cuba until 1959? | Batista |
| The president of the USA until 1960? | Eisenhower |
| Who was the leader of the Cuban revolution? | Castro |
| Who was the American pres. during the Cuban Missile Crisis? | Kennedy |
| Who was the Soviet leader immediately after Stalin? | Khrushchev |
| An american spy plane is a... | U2 |
| An inter-continental rocket is a... | ICBM |
| The first man-made satellite was the... | Sputnik |
| The idea that if one third world country falls to communism, the others would follow is called... | Domino Theory |
| The American belief that the USA had reached weapons inferiority relative to the USSR was the... | Missile gap |
| Until 1945, who possessed Korea? | Japan |
| After 1945, whta happened to Korea...who occupied it? | The Allies |
| What were the two Korean govs? Who led them? | The Republic of Korea (in the Sout), led by Syngman Rhee and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Communist - in the North), led by Kim II Sung |
| What happened in Korea on June 25, 1950? | North Korea began an all out attack across the 38th- parallel - two days later, the UN agreed to help S Korea |
| The Inchon Attack | Planned by Gen. McCarther - a daring attack on the western costal city of Inchon near the border of N Korea - it was successful |
| What was McCarther removed from his command in April of 1951? | Because he advocated new offensives against China, including bombing - Truman opposed the bombing idea because he feared Soviet intervention and the potential onset of another world war |
| Truce talks began in July 1951 - when was a truce actually signed? | In 1953 a truce was signed that left Korea divided at the 38th parallel - no final peace treaty was ever negotiated |
| Who started the Vietnamese Communist Party before wwII? | Ho Chi Minh |
| In 1941, Ho Chi Minh organized a coalition of groups called the ..... to oppose foreign control of the country | Vietminh |
| Who occupied Indochina during WWII? | The Japanese |
| After 1945, Indochina was divided into what three parts? | Three associated states: Cambodia (now, Kampuchea), Laos, and Vietnam - the french tried to establish control over these states |
| What did the US do when the Vietminh rebelled against French authority? | The US came to France's aid in an effort to keep Vietnam under French control |
| What happened at the battle of Dien Bien Phu? | The Vietminh defeated the French - Vietnam was divided into the N and S sections - Vietminh controlled the N and the French were installed in the S - Ho Chi Minh set up a Communist gov in N Vietnam |
| The US gradually took control of S Vietnam and a republic was established with ________ as its first president in 1955 | Ngo Dinh Diem |
| Diem's opponents (some of them, Commies) organized into a group called? | Vietcong |
| By 1960, the Vietcong number nearly ....... members | 10 000 |
| In 1963, the US realized that Diem......... | Was clearly not the person to get the job done and supported Vietnamese efforts to overthrow his regime |
| In 1964, Pres.Lyndon Johnson announced that two US vessels had been attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of Vietnam - the US congress issued the Tonkin Resolution to.... | authorize whatever measures were deemed necessary to defeat the Vietcong and the North Vietnamese forces - By 1968, there were over one half million US troos in Vietnam |
| The Tet offensive: what it was and how it was stopped etc. | The Vietcong began its major offensive against S Vietnam in 1968 during the celebration of Tet (new year) - The Tet offensive was driven back by US but American losses were staggering - opposition to the war increased as many Americans called for a complete US withdrawal from Vietnam |
| Vietnamisation | Nixon started a gradual withdrawal of US troops in this process, sending troops home bit by bit, leaving the Vietnamese to fight the war amongst themselves - the attention switched to Cambodia (Kampuchea) which was then under the control of a group called the Khmer Rouge |
| In March of 1973, after ten years of fighting | The last of the US troops left Vietnam |
| Explain the Communist Victory in Vietnam | After the US had completely left, the N Vietnamese quickly seized the advantage and attacked S Vietnam. By early 1975, all of S Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos had fallen into Communist hands and was united under Communist rule in 1976. |
