| A | B |
|---|
| lead | produces a white precipitate when chloride ions are added. |
| copper | Produces a blue precipitate when NaOH added. |
| barium | Forms a white precipitate when sulfate ions are added and gives an apple green flame colour. |
| calcium | Produces a white precipitate when sulfate ions are added and a brick-red flame colour. |
| iron 2+ | Produces a green precipitate that rapidly turns brown when NaOH is added. |
| iron 3+ | Produces a brown precipitate when NaOH is added. |
| sulfate | Forms a white precipitate when barium ions are added |
| carbonate | produces carbon dioxide gas bubbles when acid is added. |
| chloride | Forms a white precipitate when lead ions are added. |
| phosphate | Forms a pale yellow precipitate when silver nitrate is added. |
| Potassium thiocyanate | Used to confirm the presence of Fe 3+ ions. Turns blood red if Fe 3+ ions are present. |
| Acidified potassium permanganate | Used to confirm the presence of Fe 2+ ions. Is discoloured by Fe 2+ ions but not by Fe 3+ ions. |
| Potassium iodide. | Forms a bright yellow precipitate with lead ions. Confirms the presence of lead ions. |
| Silver nitrate. | Confirms the presence of chloride ions. Forms a white precipitate that turns grey in the presence of UV light in the presence of chloride ions. |
| Ammonia | Used to confirm the presence ofcopper ions. Forms a deep blue complex with copper ions. |
