| A | B |
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| The distance traveled by an object divided by the time it takes to travel that distance is called | average speed |
| In order to determine speed, you must know | time and distance |
| What is the speed and velocity is that velocity includes | direction |
| What is the speed of an object at rest? | 0 km/h |
| Whenever an object is standing still, the value(s) that is/are always zero is/are... | speed, momentum, velocity |
| Acceleration is defined as the change in velocity divided by ... | time |
| The SI unit acceleration is... | m/s2 |
| On a velocity-time graph, a line with a negative slope indicates that the object is | slowing down |
| When the velocity of an object changes, it is acted upon by a | force |
| The combination of all the forces acting on an object is called | net force |
| If the netforce on an object is zero, then the object has | balanced forces |
| A tug-of-war that results in one team pulling the other across the line is an example of | unbalanced forces |
| Friction is defined as | force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching |
| A force is continuously applied to an object , causing it to accelerate. After a period of time, however, the object stops accelerating. What conclusions can be drawn? | The object is experiencing friction |
| Weight is described as | the downward force exerted on objects due to gravity |
| When objects are moved further apart from each other, the force of gravity... | decreases |
| The law that states that every object maintains constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force is | Newton's first law of motion |
| The law that states for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction is | Newton's third law of motion |
| The SI unit of force names for the scientist who described the relationship between motion and force is called the | newton |
| Which of the following units is used to measure acceleration in free fall? | m/s2 |
| When air resistance balances the weight of an object that is falling, the velocity | remains constant |
| A machine is a device that | can multiply and change the direction of an input force |
| A first class lever has | the fulcrum in the middle |
| A wheelbarrow is an example of a | second class lever |
| What is the mechanical advantage of a single fixed pulley? | 1 |
| What is the mechanical advantage of a single movable pulley? | 2 |
| An inclined plane | Changes magnitude and direction force |
| Gravitational potential energy does not depend on the | volume of the object |
| The kind of energy associated with atomic bonds is | chemical energy |
| The primary source of the sun's energy is | nuclear fusion |
| A pair of tweeezers is | a compound machine made of two third class levers |
| The law of conservation of energy states that | energy can neither be created or destroyed |
| Temperature is not | measured with triple beam balance |
| As the kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance increases, the | temperature of the substance increases |
| The transfer of energu as head caused bu the collision if molecules is called | convections |
| Energy from the sun reaches Earth by | radiation only |
| Convection currents rise in the air because | cool air descends and hot air rises |
| Which method of energy transfer does not involve movement of matter? | radiation |
| According to the first law of thermodynamics, | the total energy used in any process is conserved |
| In an air conditioner, a substance that easily evaporates and condenses is used to transfer energy from a room to the air outside. When the substance evaporates, | it transfers energy as heat to the surrounding air. |
| The fahrenheit temp. scale is definesd by... | water boiling at 212 degrees and freezing at 32 degrees |
| A cold blooded reptile basks on a warm rock in the sun. Its body is warmed by | radiation, conduction, convection |
| Sound waves | require a medium |
| Light waves | are electromagnetic waves |
| Water waves | transport energy but not water |
| The medium seismic waves travel through is | rocks and other materials inside Earth |
| Sound waves are | transverse waves |
| Light waves are | longitudinal waves |
| Water waves are | mechanical waves |
| A person is standing still and listening to a siren sounding an alarm. The frequency of the sound is 500 Hz. The person begins running toward the sound at a rate of 20 m/s. The frequency of the sound the person hears will | increase |
| The frequency of a sound wave determines | the pitch of the sound |
| How loud a sound is depends on | the amplitude of the waves |
| The color of light is determined by____ of light waves | the frequency |
| A _____ is a good mathematical model for representing transverse waves | sine curve |
| Sound travels fastest in | sea water |
| The intensity of a sound describes | its loudness at a particular distance |
| The pitch of a sound is most closely related to the | frequency of vibrations |
| Resonance refers to an effect in which the | vibration of one object causes another object to vibrate at natural frequencies |
| A sonar system measures distance by determining the | time it takes for sound waves to bounce off a surface |
| A sonar system measures distance by determining the | time it takes for sound waves to bounce off a surface |
| An ultrasound system can produce images of body structures because of soundwaves | travel at different speeds through materials of different densities |
| The particle model of light explains how light can | travel without a medium |
| The amount of energy in a photon of light is proportional to the | frequency of the corresponding light wave |
| The rate at which light energy flows through a given area of space is referred to as its | intensity |
| When light rays reflect off a rough surface, they | scatter in many different directions |
| The law of reflection states that when light rays reflect off a surface the angle of incidence | equals the angle of reflection |
| An image that results from an apparent path of light rays is called | a virtual image |
| An orange looks orange because it | reflects orange light and absorbs other colors |
| You look at a red tulip with green leaves under green light, what would you see? | a black flower with green leaves |
| the color that an object appears to be depends on the | wavelengths of light that the object reflects |
| When light moves from a material in which its speed is higher to a material in which its speed it higher to a material in which its speed it slower, it is | bent away from normal |
| A virtual image caused by reflection of light in the atmosphere is called... | a mirror |
| Light that enters one end of a fiber optic cable reaches the other end by means of... | total internal reflection |
| Light rays that pass through a lens change direction because | they are refracted |
| The effect in which light seperates into different colors is called | dispersion |
| White light breaks up into different colors when it passes through a prism because of | differences in wave speed |
| There is a repulsive force between two charged objects when | Charges are of like signs |
| There is an attractive force between two charged objects when | charges are of unlike sign |
| When a glass rod is rubbed with silk and becomes positively charged | electrons are removed from the rod |
| When there is an equal amount of positibe and negative charges on an object, the object is | neutral |
| The electric forve between charged objects is | either attractive or repulsive |
| Electric force varies depending on the | charge and distance between charged objects |
| Electric charged particle produces | an electric field |
| Electric field lines indicate | both direction and relative strength |
| Potential difference is measured in | volts |
| Batteries typically have | one positive and one negative terminal |
| Current is the rate at which charges move through a | conductor |
| Potential differences cause | electrons to move from the negative terminal to the positive terminal |
| The brightness of a light bulb is determined by its filament's | resistance |
| Resistance is caused by | friction |
| The SI unit of resistance is the | ohm |
| Whether or not charges will move depends partly on how tightly ___________ are held in the atoms of the material | electrons |
| The resistance of an insulator is | high |
| What happens to the resistance of a superconductor when its temperature drops below the critical temperature? | resistance drops to zero |
| Appliances connected so that they form a single pathway for charges to flow are connected in a | series circuit |
| What happens to the overall resistance of a circuit when too many appliances are connected across a 120 V outlet? | resistance is decreased |
| A device that protects a circuit from current overload is called a | circuit breaker |
| An example of a naturally occuring magnetic rock is a | lodestone |
| Magneticall soft substances | lose their magnetism more easily then others |
| The north pole of a magnet will be repelled by | the north pole of another magnet |
| Like magnet poles always | repel |
| The magnetism of a piece of magnetized iron can be weakened by | heating the iron and hammering it |
| The strength of a magnetic field | decreases as distance from the magnet increases |
| What material was used to make the first compass? | lodestone |
| What instrument is used to trace the direction of a magnetic field? | compass |
| What causes a compass needle to point to geographic north pole? | The compass needle aligns with Earth's magnetic field |
| Earth's magnetic poles are located in... | Canada and Antarctica |
| Magnetic fields are produced by | magnetic force |
| A magnetic field around a current carrying wire forms | lines parallel to the wire |
| The strength of the magnetic field created by current in a wire can be safely increased by | wrapping the wire into a coil |
| The strength of the magnetic field in a solenoid can be increased by | inserting an iron rod through the center of the solenoid |
| In a magnetized substances, the domains | line up |
| Which orientation characterizes the magnetic domains in an unmagnetized piece of iron? | random |
| When an iron rod is inserted into a solenoid's center, the magnetic field produced by the current in the loops | causes alignment of the domainsin the iron |
| A potential difference causes | electrons to move from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a battery |
| A device that converts electric energy into mechanical energy is an | electric motor |
| An electric motor and a generator are similar in that both | transform energy into a different form |
| Pushing a magnet through an electric field requires work. The greater the electric field | the stronger the force required to push the magnet through the electric field |
| When a charge moves along or opposite the direction of the magnetic field lines, the magnetic force is | 0 |
| When a wire is moving perpendicular to a magnetic field, the force on the charges is | at a minimum |
| Generators convert | mechanical energy into electrical energy |
| In an AC generator, when charges experience the maximum magnetic force, | the current is zero |
| When a wire is moving parallel to a magnetic field, | maximum current is induced in the wire |
| Light travels as | electromagnetic waves |
| Both electrical and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave are | perpendicular to the direction that the wave travels |
| Transformers can | increase or decreas voltage |
