| A | B |
|---|
| clergy | people who have power in Catholic Church |
| Pope Gregory VII | 11th Century Pope who had a dispute with Emperor Henry IV |
| Emperor Henry IV | 11th Century Emperor who had a dispute with Pope Gregory VII |
| Religious order | group of people who follow rules specific to what they believe in |
| Francis of Assisi | founder of the Franciscan order |
| mendicant | someone who gives up all property and lifes a life of begging |
| Thomas Aquinas | 13th century Italian religious scholar who believed philosophy and Christianity could exist in harmony |
| Seljuk Turks | people from central Asia who took control of Palestine |
| Crusades | series of military expeditions to Palestin by Christians |
| Saladin | Muslim leader who defended Egypt from Crusaders |
| Reconquista | reconquest of Iberian Peninsula by Christians |
| Inquisition | court used in Spain to try people who opposed Catholic Church |
| Bubonic Plague | infectious disease that struck Eurasia in the mid 1300's |
| Hundred Years' War | War between England and France that lasted 116 years |
| Joan of Arc | French Peasant girl who led France to victory at the Battle of Orleans |
| Longbow | weapon used that could peirce a knights armor |
| Gunpowder | invented by Chinese and used by Europeans that changed warfare forever |
| Black Death | another term for the Bubonic Plague |
| King John | English King forced to sign Magna Carta |
| Magna Carta | document that guranteed certain rights to nobles |
| Parliament | governing body of representatives in English government |
| Habeas Corpus | right of people not to be imprisoned unlawfully |
| King Richard the Lion-Hearted | Courages King who defended Christians in Crusades |
| Jerusalem | also known as Holy Land |
| Iberian Peninsula | present day Spain and Portugal |
