| A | B |
|---|
| Work | applying a force that moves an object a distance |
| Watts | the unit of energy |
| mechanical advantage | what we gain by using a machine |
| simple machines | 6 basic things we use to make work easier |
| simple inclined plane | a ramp used to have less force applied by lengthening distance traveled |
| inclinde plane family | includes the inclined plane, wedge and screw |
| first class lever | has the fulcrum in the middle of the input and output forces |
| block and tackle | multiple pulleys put together |
| compound machine | several simple machines in combination |
| potential energy | energy of position |
| elastic potential energy | energy stored in an object because of stretching or compressing |
| wheel barrow | an example of a second class lever |
| nuclear fusion | combining atoms together to make larger nucleii |
| combining | what happens to nucleii in fusion |
| nuclear fission | splitting atoms into smaller elements |
| particles collide | how energy is transferred in conduction |
| convection currents | heat rising and cool falling |
| insulators | don't conduct a current |
| gravitational potential energy | energy stored in an object because of gravity acting over a height |
| joules | unit of work or energy |
| machines | anything used to make work easier |
| distance | can be increased by a machine |
| simple lever | has a fulcrum that a rigid arm rotates around |
| second class lever | input force at one end, fulcrum at the other and the output force in the middle |
| wedge | 2 inclined planes back to back |
| rigid arm | what rotates around the fulcrum in a lever |
| bending elbow | example of a 3rd class lever |
| screwdriver | example of a wheel and axle |
| scissors | two levers hinges at the fulcrum; compound machine |
| stored energy | what potential energy needs |
| mechanical energy | combination of all the potential and kinetic energy in a system |
| bonds | where energy is stored |
| electrical energy | energy of charged particles (ions) |
| conduction | energy is transferred through direct contact of particle collisions |
| direct contact | what's needed for conduction |
| vacuum | only radiation can travel through this |
| specific heat | raising the temperature of a substance 1 degree celsius |
| c | symbol of specific heat |
| N*m | what a joule equals |
| input force | what you apply to a lever |
| greater than 1 | if mechanical advantage is this...then force is increased |
| pulley | a modified first class lever; rigid arm is a sting/rope |
| screw | an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder |
| fulcrum | what the rigid arm rotates around in a lever |
| third class lever | fulcrum at one end, input force in the middle, output on the other end |
| modified lever | a pulley would be one of these |
| reduces force | what most simple machines do |
| energy | the ability to do work |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| chemical energy | stored in bonds |
| nucleus | split in fission, combined in fusion |
| thermal energy | another name for heat |
| convection | transfer of heat in a fluid |
| power | rate at which work is done |
| output force | what comes from a machine |
| less than 1 | if mechanical advantage is this then the machine multiplies the distance |
| wheel and axle | a lever attached to a shaft |
| lever family | consists of the simple lever, pulley, and wheel and axle |
| 3 classes | how we break down levers |
| claw hammer | example of a first class lever |
| jar lid | example of a screw |
| ax blade | example of a wedge |
| position | potential energy is the energy of this |
| motion | kinetic energy is the energy of this |
| nuclear fusion | combining 2 nucleii to make a bigger one |
| splitting | what happens to the nucleus in fission |
| ions | necessary for electrical energy |
| radiation | energy that travels in waves |
| waves | how radiation travels |
| conductors | transfer energy |
| j/kg*K | unit for specific heat |
