| A | B |
|---|
| Justinian | Byzantine emperor, Best emperor they had (527-565) |
| Theodora | Justinian's wife, an “actress” encouraged him to change Byzantine, Told him to man up when it was being invaded, also told him to help his country not run from it |
| Procopius | was a prominent eastern Roman scholar, was known as the last major ancient historian, and wrote things Secret history about Theodora |
| Nika Riots | 532, lasted for one week, nearly half the city was burned and destroyed, many people were killed |
| Hippodrome | place were they held chariot races, it was formed by the Greeks |
| Belisarius | one of the greatest generals that Byzantine had, was a general under Justinian’s rule |
| Iconoclasm | is the deliberate destruction within a culture of the culture's own religious icons and other symbols or monuments, usually for religious or political motives |
| Metropolitan | in the Eastern Orthodox Church this title is given to a position between bishop and patriarch; equivalent to archbishop in western Christianity; Head of the Russian Orthodox church; located at Moscow. |
| Patriarch | a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. |
| Alexander Comnenus | asked west for help, because Islam was invading from the south |
| Fourth Crusade | originally designed to conquer Jerusalem through an invasion of Egypt. Instead, in April 1204, the Crusaders of the West invaded and conquered the Eastern Orthodox city of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire. 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem |
| Manzikert | a battle that was the fall of Rome, but the start of the crusades |
| Seljuk Turks | Turks |
| Hagia Sofia | a 6th century masterpiece of Byzantine architecture in Istanbul; built as a Christian church, converted to a mosque in 1453, and made into a museum in the middle of the 20th century |
| Justinian Code | Roman law |
| Vagarins | also known as Vikings, from the west, a culture originating in Scandinavia (now Norway, Denmark and Sweden) around the mid-8th century A.D. The Vikings were fierce conquerors, brave explorers, and skilled craftspeople; they invaded and settled countries throughout Western Europe. They were the first Europeans to discover America (in about A.D. 1000) |
| Kiev | capital |
| Slavs | R’us, Russians |
| Boyars | was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Russian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, and Moldavian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes, from the 10th century through the 17th century. |
| Czar | A male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917), a person having great power. Title of the ruler of Russia. Taken from the word Caesar, which means emperor. |
| Third Rome | The Third Rome idea is that Moscow is the successor to the legacy of the Roman Empire (the Second Rome being Constantinople). This concept has been popular since the times of the early Russian Tsars. |
| Abbasids | is the dynastic name generally given to the caliph of Baghdad |
| Umayyads | was the first great dynasty of the Muslim Caliphate, |
| Caliph | In Islam, the successor to the Prophet Mohammed. Islamic ruler |
| Cordoba | one of the three Caliphates, was in Spain |
| Fatimids | Is the Shi'a dynasty that ruled over varying areas of the Maghreb, Egypt. |
| Baghdad | capital of Iraq |
| Imams | is an Arabic word meaning "leader" |
| Shia | A member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali and his descendants as the legitimate successors to Muhammad and rejects the first three caliphs; also Shiite. |
| Sunni | the larger of the two primary sects of Islam, comprising eighty percent of all Muslims. |
| Ibn Sina | extended medical guide |
| Ibn-Rushd | wrote about Plato, translates ancient Greek |
| Algebra | invented by the Indians, but translated by the Arabs |
| Millet | independent communities are under control of the sultan |
| Delhi Sultanate | extension of Caliphate, Turks secured by Muslim rule, conquered by Mughals |
| Taj Mahal | Sha Jahan, made it for his wife, it was her tomb |
