| A | B |
|---|
| rock (def) | mixture of minerals, glass, or organic matter bound together |
| Uniformitarianism | "the present geology is the key to the past geology" James Hutton |
| Granite (description) | Coarse texture, intrusive, light colored |
| igneous rock (def) | Rocks formed by the cooling and hardening of molten material from a volcano or from deep inside the Earth |
| intrusive (def) | Rocks that form below Earth's surface, formed from cooled magma |
| extrusive (def) | Rocks that form above Earth's surface from lava or volcanic ash |
| magma (def) | liquid rock underground |
| lava (def) | liquid rock above ground |
| 2 types of magma | felsic and mafic |
| How is texture determined? | By size, shape, and arrangement of atoms |
| 3 things that affect crystal size | 1. speed magma cools 2. amount of dissolved gas in magma 3. Space available for crystal formation |
| 4 types of textures | 1. coarse grain 2. fine grain 3. glassy 4. porphyry |
| 3 families of igneous rock | 1. granite 2. gabbro 3. diorite |
| stratification (def) | Sedimentary feature where sediments are arranged in visible layers |
| fossils (def) | remains of dead plant or animals preserved in rock |
| mud cracks (def) | cracks that develop when deposits of wet clay dry and contract |
| metamorphic rocks (def) | formed from existing rocks by the action of heat, pressure, and chemicals |
| What does sandstone metamorph into? | quartzite |
| 2 types of metamorphic rock | dynamic metamorphism and thermal metamorphism |
| Foliation (def) | parallel layers in metamorphic rock |
| Monomineralic (def) | composed of only one mineral |
| Pumice (description) | Igneous, glassy, extrusive, from felsic lava, floats |
| sandstone (description) | Clastic Sedimentary rock, formed by cementation of sand grains |
| What metamorphic rock is formed from limestone | Marble |
| What metamorphic rock is formed first from shale | Slate |
| 4 minerals found in Granite | Feldspar, Quartz, Mica, Hornblende |
| 4 methods of changing rocks to other rocks | 1. Heat & Pressure 2. Weathering & Erosion 3. Compaction & Cementation 4. Melting & Cooling |
| Factor that determines the classification of Igneous rocks | Classification is determined by where this type of rock cools. (above ground or underground) |
| 4 Examples of Extrusive /Volcanic Igneous Rocks | Basalt, Pumice, Obsidian, Scoria |
| 3 famous USA sites with exposed Granite | 1. Pikes Peak in the Colorado Rocky Mts. 2. Mount Rushmore in the Black Hills of South Dakota 3. Stone Mt. Georgia |
| Igneous Rock of the Ocean Floors | Basalt |
| Igneous Rock of the Continents | Granite |
| 6 Examles of Sedimentary Rocks | Sandstone, Shale, Conglomerate, Coal, Rock Salt, Limestone |
| Extrusive, Mafic, Porous, Igneous rock, that doesn't float | Scoria |
| Geodes (def) | Deposits of crystals inside hollow limestone spheres |
| Meta- (def) | change |
| Morph- (def) | Form |
| 2 Examples of Instrusive Igneous Rocks | Granite & Gabbro |
| 3 Examples of Extrusive Igneous Rocks | Pumice, Basalt, & Scoria |
| Order of sediment deposit from the shore line | Pebbles & Gravels, Sands, Silts & Clays |
| Person credited with Uniformitarianism | James Hutton |
| Scoria (description) | Extrusive, mafic, glassy, porous, igneous rock that doesn't float |
| Full Metamorphism of Shale | Slate, Phylite, Schist |
| Coarsest Clastic Sedimentary rock | Conglomerate |
| Synonym for Clastic | Detrital |
| Synonym for Regional Metamorphism | Dynamic Metamorphism |
| Synonym for Contact Metamorphism | Thermal Metamorphism |
| Porphyry (def) | Igneous rock texture formed when the rock has cooled at 2 different rates; contains large crystals surrounded by small crystals |
| 2 Rocks that react to the acid test | Limestone & Marble |
| Weathering (def) | The breakup of rock due to exposure to the atomosphere |
| Erosion (def) | The removal of weatherd material |
| Sediments (def) | Loose rock fragments |
| What Igneous rock is Gneiss formed from? | Granite |
| mafic (def) | Dark colored, low in silica, high in iron & magnesium |
| Felsic (def) | Light colored, high in silica |
| Coarse grained (def) | Texture type in which large crystals are present because the material cooled slowly |
| Fine grained (def) | Texture type in which small crystals are present because the material cooled quickly |
| Glassy | Texture type in which no crystals are present because the material cooled instantly |
| Examples of Coarse Grained Igneous Rocks | Granite & Gabbro |
| Examples of Fine Grained Igneous Rocks | Basalt, Felsite |
| Examples of Glassy Igneous Rocks | Obsidian, Pumice, Scoria |
| Rock gypsum | Chemical Sedimentary rock made mostly of the mineral gypsum |
| Laccolith (Def) | Domed igneous intrusion |
| Batholith (Def) | Largest igneous intrusion |
| Sill (Def) | Horizontal Igneous Intrusion |
| Dike (Def) | Vertical Igneous Intrusion |
| Igneous Intrusion | When lava comes up through cracks in preexiting rock |
| Volcanic Neck | Left over hardened magma in the vent of a volcano |
| Fast cooling = ___ sized crystals | small |
| Slow cooling = ___ sized crystals | large |
| 5 Sedimentary features | Fossils, Stratification, Geodes, Mud cracks, Ripple marks |
| Size of the cystals in an igneous rock determine its ... | Texture |
| Unconformity (def) | A change in the rock record due to erosion |
