| A | B |
|---|
| Articulated | Broken into sections by joints |
| Binaural hearing | The ability of humans to hear with two ears in order to determine the direction from where sound originates. |
| Binocular machine vision | Using both eyes/cameras simultaneously. Stereo vision |
| Cartesian coordinate geometry | Refers to the 16th century philosopher Renes Descartes, who invented coordinate geometry. Also called rectangular coordinate geometry. |
| Cylindrical coordinate geometry | A robot arm which uses a reference plane in combination with a coordinate system and elevation. |
| Deformable modeling | Computational models of the behavior of human joints and tissue to provide realistic mechanical simulations of bones and tissue. |
| Degrees of freedom | The number of ways that a robotic manipulator moves. |
| Degrees of rotation | The extent that a robot joint or a set of joints moves clockwise or counterclockwise about an axis. |
| Expert systems | A method of reasoning in artificial intelligence used to control smart robots. |
| First generation robots | Simple mechanical arms without artificial intelligence. |
| Fourth generation robots | Robots not yet developed but will be designed with capabilities to learn, reproduce and evolve. |
| Function keys | Keys beginning with F that can be used to perform special tasks. |
| Machine hearing | Advanced “hearing” by a robot that picks up and amplifies the sound, and determines the direction where the sound originates. |
| Manipulators | Technical term for robot arms. |
| Pitch | A quality of sound based on the characteristics of the frequency of the wave and the way its source is manipulated. |
| Range | Horizontal motion over a distance. |
| Resolution | The extent to which a machine, microscope, human, or robot visually differentiated between two objects. Also the ability of a robot to visually differentiate between two objects. |
| Revolute geometry | A robot arm that moves in three dimensions resembling the movements of a human arm, such as rotating in a full circle (360 degrees) |
| Robot | A sophisticated machine with some degree of mobility developed to perform specific tasks and operate automatically after programming. |
| Second generation robots | Robots that incorporate a level of artificial intelligence. |
| Sensitivity | Ability of a machine or robot to see in dim light or detect weak impulses at invisible wavelengths. |
| Surface-based registration | Composite images of the actual patient and MRI images of the surgery site before and during the procedure. |
| Telechir | The name given to remotely controlled robots |
| Telepresence | Refers to the operation of a robot at a distance, meaning the operator is situated in one location, and the robot is performing at a distant site. |
| Telesurgery | a surgical procedure performed in real time at a distance. |
| Third generation robots | robots that work independently without human supervision or an overseeing computer. |
