| A | B |
|---|
| Minoans | Palace of Minos, legendary king of Crete. Wrote in a script known as Linear A. They were very sophisticated people. Around 1500 B.C. a volcanic eruption on a nearby island sent giant tidal waves crashing across Crete. Minoans rebuilt but their civilization weakened. Knossos was destroyed in about 1400 B.C. possibly by Indo Europeans who migrated to Greece and established their own civilization. |
| Mycenaean | (1400- 1100 B.C.) people who invaded Crete. Organized into clans/ tribes. Sea traders. Dominated Greek mainland from 1600-1200 B.C. Built fortified cities in the Peloponnesus. War like people who carried out raids by sea. Conquered Crete and adopted many elements of Minoan civilization. By 1200 B.C. most of the major Mycenaean cities, including Mycenae, had been destroyed |
| Peloponnesian War | Athens and Sparta shared responsibility for this war. The war broke out in 431 B.C. There was commercial rivalry among a number of city states. Athens and Sparta were long standing rivals, opposite of each other in many respects. Provoked by the Athenian’s flaunting of power, Sparta began the fighting. Other city states increasingly resented Athens’ domination. Sparta with the help of Persia blocked food supplies from reaching Athens. Starving, Athens finally surrendered to Sparta in 404 B.C. |
| Sparta | The Military Ideal. Largest city-state about size of Connecticut. Known for martial lives, very powerful. Sparta had an assembly consisting of all adult male citizens, a Council pf Elders that proposed laws, and two kings. They had five ephors (overseers) elected by the assembly for one year terms. Monitored the kings and the citizens. The ephors had unlimited power to act as guardians of the state. Had large number of slaves known as Helots. Helots did everything such as getting food, making crops grow, making good stable houses etc. This gave the Spartans time to do there own thing. The Spartans terrorized the helots because there were so many more helots and they didn’t want them to rebel. Spartan society strongly emphasized militarism. |
| Darius | Emperor of Greek (490 B.C.) |
| Xerxes | King of Persians (480 B.C.) Conquers Greece, had possibly 100,000 troops. Battle the Spartans at the battle of |
| Homer | (c. 700 B.C.) He was a blind legendary early Greek Poet Author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. |
| Athens | The Birth of Democracy. smaller then Rhode Island, located on the Attic peninsula Built their city inland for protection Athenian born men had full political rights, whether they were wealthy or poor. Women could not vote or hold office. People born outside Athens were non-citizens. They were free, but they could not own land or take part in government, even though they paid same taxes as citizens. At the bottom were the slaves, people captured in war. Slaves were property, dependent on their master’s will |
| Delian League | The city states put their goods on island of Darius.140 city states became Athenian Empire Island of Delas? Where they deposited their money and other goods |
| Iliad | 10 year war for Helen between Trojans and Greeks. Written by Homer, precursor to the Odyssey |
| Odyssey | Mainly centers on the Greek hero Odysseus and his long journey home to Ithaca following the fall of Troy. |
| Aeneid | A Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 B.C. tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who traveled to Italy, where he becomes the ancestor of the Romans. Written in dactylic hexameter |
| Metamorphoses | “The changes” Continuing story of Greek myth |
| Germania | The Latin exonym for a geographical area of land on the east bank of the Rhine River. |
| Pericles | (461429 B.C.) Leader/ general of Athens Turned the Delian league into an Athenian empire and lead his countrymen during the first 2 years of the |
| Marathon | Man ran 26 miles to tell victory of the battle they won but died of dehydration. |
| Salamis | Lure Persians in narrow place and totally annihilate them. |
| Thebes | Random city state wants to fight but can’t because none really cares about it and its not good enough. |
| Helots | The original people in Sparta that became slaves, when they were conquered by the… |
| Metics | People born outside of Athens were non |
| Philip II of Macedon | (r. 359-336 B.C.) He was from Macedonia Held hostage by the Thebes people when he was younger. Conquers Greece by 336 B.C. Has a wife named Olympias?336 B.C. He has a 20 year old son named Alexander At his daughters wedding he gets poisoned |
| Alexander the Great | Gets tutored by Aristotle, less than 10 years invades entire Persian Empire. Defeats and kills Darius III of Persia. Becomes Persian King Marries woman named Roxana Conquers as far as India Goes as far as Alexandra but then his men don’t want to go farther because they fear they will eventually loose and everything will be lost. He created the Hellenistic Age He dies at the age of 32 of a fever |
| Alexandria (Egypt) | In ancient times, Alexandria was one of the most famous cities in the world. It was founded around a small pharaonic town c. 331 BC by Greek Macedonian king Alexander the Great. It remained Egypt's capital for nearly a thousand years, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 641 AD when a new capital was founded at Fustat, later absorbed into Cairo. |
| Ptolemy (Ptolemaic) | {Egypt} has child with Cleopatra VII He proclaims himself Pharaoh of Egypt General who takes over after Alexander the Great dies. One of the four generals that takes over a section of Alexander the greats massive empire, he was given Egypt |
| Antipater | (Antonids) {Syria} General for Alexander the Great, takes over one section of his vast empire, he was given Syria |
| Seleucus | (Seleucids) {Mesopotamia} General for Alexander the Great, but takes over one section of his empire, What was known as Mesopotamia |
| Antonius | General for Alexander the Great, takes over the last section of his empire, the Greece (?) |
| Cleopatra VII | Was a Hellenistic ruler of Egypt, originally sharing power with her father Ptolemy XII and later with her brothers/husbands Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV; eventually gaining sole rule of Egypt.As Pharaoh, she consummated a liaison with Gaius Julius Caesar that solidified her grip on the throne, and, after Caesar's assassination, aligned with Mark Antony, with whom she produced twins. |
| Etruscans | Lived to the North, above Rome, constantly invaded, and at one time ruled over Rome |
| Senate | Makes lawsIn 44 B.C. made Caesar dictator and he wants to become king. Senate Rules Rome |
| Magna Graecia | Latin for "Greater Greece” Is the name of the area in Southern Italy and Sicily that was colonised by Greek settlers in the eighth century BC, who brought with them the lasting imprint of their Hellenic civilization. |
| Syracuse | A Greek city state on the island of Sicily, attacked by Athens in 415 BC, soon after the conclusion of the Peace of Nicias with Sparta. This attack reignited the Peloponnesian Wars. a city on the south east coast of Sicily, where Paul landed and remained three days when on his way to Rome (Acts 28-12). It was distinguished for its magnitude and splendour. It is now a small town of some 13,000 inhabitants. |
| Romulus | Romulus slew Remus over a dispute about which one of the two brothers had the support of the local deities to rule the new city and give it his name. Supposedly, Romulus had stood on one hill and Remus another, and a circle of birds flew over Romulus, signifying that he should be king. After founding Rome, Romulus not only created the Roman Legions and the Roman Senate, but also added citizens to his new city by abducting the women of the neighboring Sabine tribes, which resulted in the mixture of the Sabines and Romans into one people. Romulus would become ancient Rome's greatest conqueror, adding large amounts of territory and people to the dominion of Rome. |
| Stoics | Founder is Zeno, believe you should remove yourself from pain and pleasure |
| Skeptics | Founder is Pyrrho, believe there is no way to know knowledge |
| Cynics | Founder is Diogenes, rejects pleasure, pleasure is fake and distracting. |
| Epicureans | Founder is Epicurus, value pleasure and reject pain |
| Latin | The Romans they borrowed a lot of the alphabet |
| Phoenicians | From 1200 to 800 B.C. the Semitic speaking Phoenicians lived and prospered on the Mediterranean coast north of Palestine. Their chief cities were Tyre and Sidon. They gained fame as sailors and traders. They occupied a string of cities along the Mediterranean coast, in what is today Lebanon and Syria. As merchants, the Phoenicians needed a simple alphabet to ease the burden of keeping records. They therefore replaced the cumbersome cuneiform alphabet of 550 characters with a phonetic alphabet, based on distinct sounds, consisting of 22 letters. After further alterations by the Greeks and Romans, this alphabet became the one we use today. |
| Carthage | A Powerful city state founded by the Phoenicians. |
| Hannibal | Carthage, Second Punic War, Brilliant general, Elephants, Zama 202 B.C. Killed himself |
| Arminius | Cherusc,Teutoburg Forest (AD 9) Varus 9 A.D. 3 Legions Rhine River Murdered |
| Boudicca | Queen of the Iceni people, Wife of Prasutagus Celtic Completely destroyed Walting Street, Poisoned herself and daughters |
| Vercigetorix | Gaul what France was called Fought Julius Caesar C. 50s B.C. TRIUMPH Beheaded46 B.C. |
| Julius Caesar | Was a Roman military and political leader and one of the most influential men in world history. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. He formed an unofficial triumvirate with Marcus Licinius Crassus and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus which dominated Roman politics for several years, opposed in the Roman Senate by optimates like Marcus Porcius Cato and Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus. His conquest of Gaul extended the Roman world all the way to the Atlantic Ocean, and he also conducted the first Roman invasion of Britain in 55 BC; the collapse of the triumvirate, however, led to a stand off with Pompey and the Senate. |
| Pompey | Part of the first triumvirate with Crassus and Caesar. Pompey was jealous of Caesar and how much power he had so he ordered the Senate to strip Caesars powers and to send him home without his army. |
| Triumvirate | Rule of three. |
| Sulla | (88BC, 82-79 BC) He was elected Council |
| Battle of Zama | The Battle of Zama, fought around October 19 of 202 BC, marked the final and decisive end of the Second Punic War. A Roman army led by Publius Cornelius Scipio defeated a Carthaginian force led by Hannibal Barca. Soon after this defeat on their home ground, the Carthaginian senate sued for peace, ending the 17 year war. |
| Punic Wars | (264-146BC)?3 sets of wars1st 264-241 BC Sicily, Navy, indemnity?responsible for war pay for damages. 2nd 218-198 BC Hannibal, Elephants, Zania 3rd 149-146 BC |
| Juno | The protector and special counselor of the Roman state. She is a daughter of Saturn and sister (but also the wife) of the chief god Jupiter and the mother of Juventas, Mars, and Vulcan. |
| Jupiter | Roman mythology he held the same role as Zeus. As the patron deity of the Roman state, he ruled over laws and social order. He was the chief god of the Capitoline Triad, with Juno and Minerva. In Latin mythology Jupiter is the father of Mars. Therefore, Jupiter is the grandfather of Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome. |
| Venus | Venus was a major Roman goddess principally associated with love, beauty and fertility, the equivalent of the Greek goddess Aphrodite. Venus was the consort of Vulcan. She was considered the ancestor of the Roman people by way of its legendary founder, Aeneas, and played a key role in many Roman religious festivals and myths. |
| Gallic Wars | The Gallic Wars were a series of military campaigns waged by the Roman proconsul Julius Caesar against several Gallic tribes, lasting from 58 BC to 51 BC. The Gallic Wars culminated in the decisive Battle of Alesia in 52 BC, in which a complete Roman victory resulted in the expansion of the Roman Republic over the whole of Gaul. The wars paved the way for Caesar's subsequent becoming the sole ruler of the Roman Republic. |
| Nero | Ordered his whole family be killed so that they couldn’t be a threat to him. Blamed the Great Fire on Christians, Nero was murdered in 68 A.D. (jerk/crazy) |
| Nerva | One of the 5 Good Emperors, He adopts Trayan who also becomes one of the 5 Good Emperors |
| Five Good Emperors | (96-180 A.D.) The Five Good Emperors is a term that refers to five consecutive emperors of the Roman Empire— Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninu Pius and Marcus Aurelius. |
| Constantine | (c. 274- 337) Was an Illyrian Roman Emperor. He was proclaimed Augustus by his troops in 306, ruled an ever growing portion of the Roman Empire until his death. Best known for being the first Christian Roman Emperor, the Edict of Milan issued by his co emperor Licinius helped to put an end to institutionalized persecution of Christians in the Empire. Thinks Rome is too bloated builds new capital named Constantinople (330 AD). |
| Diocletian | (r. 284-305 AD) Divides Roman Empire |
| Diocese | The Roman form of dividing provinces. In the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a bishop. |
| Teutoburg Forest | The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest took place in the year 9 A.D. When an alliance of Germanic tribes led by Arminius, the son of Segimer of the Cherusci, ambushed and destroyed three Roman legions led by Publius Quinctilius Varus. |
| August Caesar | (r. 27B.C. -14A.D) After adoption, was the first emperor of the Roman Empire, who ruled from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD. The young Octavius was adopted by his great uncle, Julius Caesar, and came into his inheritance after Caesar's assassination in 44 BC. In 43 BC, Octavian joined forces with Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus in a military dictatorship known as the Second Triumvirate. As a Triumvir, Octavian effectually ruled Rome and most of its provinces as an autocrat, seizing consular power after the deaths of the consuls Hirtius and Pansa and having himself perpetually re elected. The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart under the competing ambitions of its rulers Lepidus was driven into exile, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by the armies of Octavian in 31 BC. |
| Princeps | Means “1st citizen” |
| Visigoths | Were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe, the Ostrogoths being the other. Together these tribes were among the Germanic peoples who disturbed the late Roman Empire during the Migration Period, following a Visigothic force led by Alaric I's sacking of Rome in 410. |
| Ostrogoths | Were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late Roman Empire. The other branch was the Visigoths. The Ostrogoths established a relatively short lived successor state of Rome in Italy and the Pannonia, even briefly incorporating most of Hispania and southern Gaul. |
| Vandals | The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe that entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century. The Goth Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths and regent of the Visigoths was allied by marriage with the Vandals, as well as with the Burgundians and the Franks under Clovis I. |
| Justinian | Byzantine emperor, Best emperor they had 527-565 |
| Theodora | Justinian's wife, an “actress” encouraged him to change Byzantine, Told him to man up when it was being invaded, also told him to help his country not run from it |
| Procopius | was a prominent eastern Roman scholar, was known as the last major ancient historian, and wrote things Secret history about Theodora |
| Nika Riots | 532, lasted for one week, nearly half the city was burned and destroyed, many people were killed |
| Hippodrome | place were they held chariot races, it was formed by the Greeks |
| Belisarius | one of the greatest generals that Byzantine had, was a general under Justinian’s rule |
| Iconoclasm | is the deliberate destruction within a culture of the culture's own religious icons and other symbols or monuments, usually for religious or political motives |
| Metropolitan | in the Eastern Orthodox Church this title is given to a position between bishop and patriarch; equivalent to archbishop in western Christianity; Head of the Russian Orthodox church; located at Moscow. |
| Patriarch | a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. |
| Alexander Comnenus | asked west for help, because Islam was invading from the south |
| Fourth Crusade | originally designed to conquer Jerusalem through an invasion of Egypt. Instead, in April 1204, the Crusaders of the West invaded and conquered the Eastern Orthodox city of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire. 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem |
| Manzikert | a battle that was the fall of Rome, but the start of the crusades |
| Seljuk Turks | Turks |
| Hagia Sofia | a 6th century masterpiece of Byzantine architecture in Istanbul; built as a Christian church, converted to a mosque in 1453, and made into a museum in the middle of the 20th century |
| Justinian Code | Roman law the legal code of ancient Rome; codified under Justinian; the basis for many modern systems of civil law |
| Vagarins | also known as Vikings, from the west, a culture originating in Scandinavia (now Norway, Denmark and Sweden) around the mid-8th century A.D. The Vikings were fierce conquerors, brave explorers, and skilled craftspeople; they invaded and settled countries throughout Western Europe. They were the first Europeans to discover America (in about A.D. 1000) |
| Slavs | R’us, Russians |
| Boyars | was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Russian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, and Moldavian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes, from the 10th century through the 17th century. |
| Czar | A male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917), a person having great power. Title of the ruler of Russia. Taken from the word Caesar, which means emperor. |
| Third Rome | The Third Rome idea is that Moscow is the successor to the legacy of the Roman Empire (the Second Rome being Constantinople). This concept has been popular since the times of the early Russian Tsars. |
| Abbasids | is the dynastic name generally given to the caliph of Baghdad |
| Umayyad | was the first great dynasty of the Muslim Caliphate, |
| Caliph | In Islam, the successor to the Prophet Mohammed. Islamic ruler |
| Cordoba | one of the three Caliphates, was in Spain |
| Fatimids | Is the Shi'a dynasty that ruled over varying areas of the Maghreb, Egypt. |
| Baghdad | capital of Iraq |
| Imams | is an Arabic word meaning "leader" |
| Shia | A member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali and his descendants as the legitimate successors to Muhammad and rejects the first three caliphs; also Shiite. |
| Sunni | the larger of the two primary sects of Islam, comprising eighty percent of all Muslims. |
| Ibn Sina | extended medical guide |
| Ibn Rushd | wrote about Plato, translates ancient Greek |
| Algebra | invented by the Indians, but translated by the Arabs |
| Janissaries | from Turkish "yeni cheri," "new soldiers." This word refers to the slave soldiers of the Ottoman Empire between 1389 and 1826. Male children were recruited via the devshirme, a tax in children levied upon non Muslim communities, and raised as professional soldiers. The corps began to decline in the 16th century and by 1600 was a bastion of hereditary privilege and intrigue. The janissary corps was forcibly disbanded in 1826 by the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II. |
| Sultan | Turkish title originally used to distinguish a military leader from the caliph; later, the title used for any Muslim ruler. |
| Jizya | Muslims of India to coerce them into Islam; Akbar abolished it in 1564 and Aurangjeb reinstated it in 1679 |
| Millet | independent communities are under control of the sultan |
| Tamerlane | Mongolian ruler of Samarkand who led his nomadic hordes to conquer an area from Turkey to Mongolia (1336-1405) AD 1336–1405) Descendant of Genghis Khan and founder of the Timurid Empire. By 1369, he had conquered present day Turkmenistan and established Samarkand as his capital. Later, he extended his conquests between the Caspian and Black Seas, invaded India, captured Baghdad and Damascus, and ruled Anatolia. |
| Babur | was a Mughal Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of South Asia. He was a direct descendant of Timur through his father, and a descendant also of Genghis Khan through his mother.[1] Following a series of setbacks, he succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal Empire in India. Babur identified his lineage as Timurid and Chaghatay-Turk, while his origin, milieu, training, and culture were steeped in Persian culture and so he was largely responsible for the fostering of this culture by his descendants, and for the expansion of Persian cultural influence in the Indian subcontinent, with significant literary, artistic, and historiographical results.[2][3] He bequeathed to his successors, a legacy of toleration for non Muslims, that would later characterize the character of the Mughal empire at its zenith. |
| Akbar | the third Mughal emperor of India (1556-1605), generally considered the true founder of the Mughal Empire in India. He was a rare ruler, legendary for his tolerance and a patron of all major religions of his immense empire |
| Mughals | Babur founded the Mughal empire, originally named Delhi, but in 1526 Babur captured and changed name to the Mughal empire. Babur died in 1530 and when his son took over, he nearly lost the empire. Mughals encouraged unity, orderly government and the arts. |
| Delhi Sultanate | extension of Caliphate, Turks secured by Muslim rule, conquered by Mughals |
| Taj Mahal | Sha Jahan, made it for his wife, it was her tomb |
| Suttee/ Sati | A practice of some Proto |
| Indo | Europeans. The wife would be sacrificed and buried with the husband when he died. Instances of suttee are not common. The practice was carried from the Proto |
| Indo | European homeland to India by Indo |
| Han | Chinese dynasty |
| Daimyo | most powerful feudal leaders after the shogun |
| Silla | one of the three Korean kingdoms, joined china conquering other kingdoms |
| Heian Period | peak of Japanese imperal court |
| Zen Buddhism | Japan’s take on china influences |
| Turtle Boats | admiral Yusin in Korea against Japan, big boats with spikes all around it and cannons on the side |
| Samurai | people who worked for the daimyo, warriors |
| Shogun | feudal lords of Japan |
| Charlemagne | ruler of the franks, the greatest emperor that they had, and he defeated the Muslims |
| Merovingian | founded by Clovis |
| Carolingian | Founded by Pepin, named after father Charles Martel, the hammer |
| Clovis | founded Merovingian’s, king of Frankish tribes |
| Pepin the Short | crowned king of Franks by Pope, help the pope defeat the Lambards, gave land that he won to the pope, Donation of Pepin |
| Capetian | the first French king Hugh Capet it was his rule over France |
| Charles Martel | the Hammer, he completely destroyed Tours, and had the prisoners march back in a group of ten, blinded everyone, except the first person in every group, he was half blind |
| Tours, 732 AD | Muslims were defeated by Charles Martel, The Hammer |
| Aachen | capital of Charlemagne’s emperor |
| "Emperor of the Romans" | Charlemagne |
| Holy Roman Empire | present day Austria and Germany |
| Otto | the first emperor of the holy Roman Empire, pope crowned king |
| Richard the Lionheart | the king of England, leaves for the third crusade, when he left John ruled for him. King John was forced to sing the Magna Carta |
| William the Conqueror | came from Normandy and conquered the Anglo Saxons |
| Domesday Book (1087) | huge record book that William the Conqueror wrote. |
| Habsburg | Charles V’s empire |
| First Crusade | only successful one, all other failed in their attempt to reconquist the holy land |
| Plantaganet | William C’s region as King |
| Prince John | rules England while prince Richards fighting. à PJ is the bad guy. Messing up the war with France and is forced to sing the Magna Carta |
| Magna Carta | was in 1215 Prince John, the nobles made him sing document saying that the king is not above the law. Beginning of modern democracy |
| Parliament | house of lords, House of Commons |
| Simon de Montfort | caused up rising in council à parliament |
| Louis XI | Louis XI further strengthened the French monarchy during his reign from 1561 to 1483. Louis avoided war except as a last resort, preferring to use diplomacy, at which he was a master. In fact, his opponents called him the universal spider, because of his skills at |
| Hundred Years War | lasted from 1337-1453. It was between England and France. The English king Edward III held the provinces of Aquitaine and Gascony in France. This made him a vassal of the French king. However, when the last male member of the Captian dynasty died, Edward laid claim to the French thrown. The French assembly chose Philip VI instead. In 1337 Edward renewed his claim and brought an army of Flanders, A commercially rich area that England and France had competed for control of for some time. The Conflict had begun. The hundred years War brought death and destruction to both England and France. It also led to two key developments. Long bow and gunpowder |
| Crecy | the battle at which they used longbows and gun powder. This murdered the knight on horse back |
| Agincourt | where the long bow was first used in the hundred year’s war. |
| Universal Spider | Louis the XI, he caused people to fight around his kingdom, and while they were fighting |
| Juana La Loca | the daughter of Queen Isabel and King Fernando, married Philip of Burgundy, they had a son named Charles the IV and I |
| Reconquista | The period during which the Christian kingdoms of Spain gradually conquered the territories that had been ruled by the Muslims since 711 |
| Papal States | A group of territories in central Italy ruled by the popes from 754 until 1870. They were originally given to the papacy by Pepin the Short to the Pope of Rome |
| Donation of Pepin | in 756 provided a legal basis for the erection of the Papal States, which extended papal temporal rule beyond the traditional diocese and duchy of Rome |
| Temujin | the birth name of Ghengis Kan |
| Karakorum | was the capital of the Mongol Empire in the 13th century, although for only about 30 years. |
| Yuan Dynasty | The imperial dynasty of China from 1279 to 1368. Lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, followed the Song Dynasty and preceded the Ming Dynasty in the historiography of China. |
| Black Plague | the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe |
| Normandy | a former province of northwestern France on the English channel; divided into Haute |
| Normandie and Basse | Normandie. This is where the Vikings were from. |
| Khmer | the official language of Cambodia. |
| Angkor Wat | is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built for King Suryavarman II in the early 12th century as his state temple and capital city. |
| Hangul | The name of the script used to write the Korean language. |
| Batu Khan | (c. 1205–1255) was a Mongol ruler and the founder of the Blue Horde. |
| Marco Polo | Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324) |
