| A | B |
|---|
| amplitude | height of a wave measured from the origin to peak |
| wavelength | distance between successive crests of a wave |
| frequency | how fast a wave oscillates up and down |
| speed of light | 3 x 10^8 m/s |
| quantum | a fixed amount |
| line spectrum | spectrum that contains only certain wavelengths |
| ground state | electron is at its lowest energy level |
| excited state | electron has jumped to a higher energy level |
| uncertainty principle | position and momentum of a moving object cannot be measured and known exactly |
| atomic orbital | region around the nucleus of an atom where an electron with a given energy is likely to be found |
| electron configuration | distribution of electrons among the orbitals of an atom |
| Afbau principle | electrons are added one at a time to the lowest energy orbitals available |
| Pauli exclusion principle | An orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons |
| Hund's rule | electrons are placed in each orbital one by one and then doubled up |
