| A | B |
|---|
| Suffrage | The right to vote |
| Emancipate | To free |
| U-boat | Submarine |
| Monopoly | When one company controls the business of an entire industry |
| Trust | A series of corporations run from one board of directors |
| Arsenal | A storehouse for weapons |
| 13th Amendment | Freed slaves throughout the U.S. |
| 14th Amendment | Provided equal rights for African Americans- Citizenship |
| 15th Amendment | African Americans get the right to vote. |
| New Deal | FDR's program for fighting the Depression |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Freed only slaves in rebelling (Confederate) states. |
| Missouri Compromise | Missouri comes in slave, Maine:Free, Dividing line at 36'30 |
| Popular Sovereignty | When a territory votes on whether it will be slave or free. |
| Antebellum | Before the Civil War |
| Cotton | This crop was king in the Antebellum South |
| Cotton Gin | Created by Eli Whitney (1793). Removes the seed from cotton. |
| Underground Railroad | Series of safe houses where escaping slaves could hide on their journey north. They were led by people known as conductors |
| Abolitionist | Someone that wanted to end slavery |
| Temperance Movement | Campaign against drinking alcohol |
| Sectionalism | Loyalty to a state or section, rather than to the country as a whole. (North vs. South) |
| Fugitive | Runaway |
| Civil War | A war between people of the same country |
| Fugitive Slave Law (1850) | Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves. You could be fined $ 1,000 or jailed 6 months for refusing. |
| Secede | To break away from. The south did this in 1860-1. |
| Inflation | A rise in prices caused by on increase in the amount of money in circulation. |
| Freedmen | Newly freed slaves |
| Black Codes | Laws that limited the rights of freedmen. Prevented them from owning guns, serving on juries, etc. |
| Scalawags | Southerners that were loyal to the Republican Party during Reconstruction |
| Carpetbaggers | Northerners that went South for money, political advancement, or to help African Americans during Reconstruction. |
| KKK | Ku Klux Klan- Terrorized African Americans and Republicans during Reconstruction. |
| Sharecropping | Farming someone else's land in return for a portion of the crop, a home, and tools. |
| Poll Tax | Required African American voters to pay a fee before voting. |
| Literacy Tests | Required African American voters to read and intrerpret a difficult portion of the Constitution before voting |
| Grandfather Clause | If your grandfather had voted prior to Jan. 1, 1867, you wouldn't have to take the Literacy Test. |
| 18th Amendment | Banned the sale, possesion, and consumption of alcohol. |
| Speakeasy | An illegal bar that sold alcohol during Prohibition |
| Bootlegging | The illegal smuggling or sale of alcohol |
| Jim Crow Laws | Laws that segregated public facilities for African Americans-playgrounds, bathrooms, water fountains etc. |
| Segregation | Separating people of different races, cultures, or religions. |
| Network | A system of connected rail lines |
| Consolidate | Companies combine by buying up smaller businesses |
| Rebates | Discounts on railroad rates given to largest customers (i.e. Rockefeller) |
| Pool | When several companies divide up their business and set their prices at a high level |
| Bessemer Process | Enabled steelmakers to produce strong steel at a lower cost |
| Vertical Integration | Having control of all the steps to turn raw materials into a finished product. |
| Capital | money |
| Corporation | A business owned by investors |
| Stock | A share in a corporation. |
| Dividend | A percentage of a corporations profit paid out to shareholders. |
| Free Enterprise System | Businesses are owned by private citizens. Companies compete by making the best product at the lowest price. |
| Assembly Line | A product moves along a belt where each worker does one part of the job needed to finish the product. |
| Mass Production | Making large quantities |
| Injunction | A court order to do or not to do something. |
| Pull factor | Conditions that attract immigrants to a new area (ex. Freedom) |
| Push factor | Conditions that force immigrants to leave an area (ex. Poverty, Persecution) |
| Ethnic group | A group of people that share a common culture |
| Assimilation | The process of becoming part of another culture. |
| Tenement | A small, low rent, lightless, cramped apartment usually relegated to immigrants. |
| Yellow Journalism | Sensationalized stories and gossip in the news. Helped start the Spanish American War. |
| Patronage | Giving jobs to loyal supporters or cronies. |
| Spoils System | The system of handing out patronage positons. |
| Civil Service | All federal positions besides the Army and elected positions. |
| Muckrakers | Crusading editorial journalists that exposed the problems of the Gilded Age. |
| Primary | Voters choose their party's candidate from among several people by voting |
| Initiative | Allows people to sign a petition to put a bill before the state legislature |
| referendum | voters can make a bill a law by voting or signing a petition. |
| recall | allows voters to remove an elected official from office |
| 16th Amendment | Gave Congress the power to impose an income tax. |
| 17th Amendment | Direct election of senators. It had previously been done by the state legislature. |
| Trustbuster | Somone who wanted to destroy all trusts. (TEDDY ROOSEVELT) |
| Suffragists | Those who pushed to get women the vote. |
| Flapper | A stylish young woman of the 1920's. |
| 21st Amendment | Repealed (Did away with) Prohibition |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Organization set up by northerners and abolitionists to help newly freed slaves after the Civil War. |
| Radical Republicans | Group of Republican congressmen and senator that wanted to punish the south and protect the rights of freedmen after the Civil War. |
| Isolationist | A person or nation that wants little to do with other countries |
| Imperialism | The policy of powerful countries that seek to control the land and people of another country |
| Sphere of Influence | An area, usually around a seaport, where a nation has exclusive trading privelages. |
| Monroe Doctrine | The Western Hemisphere is the backyard of the U.S. European countries should stay OUT! |
| Militarism | The policy of building up string armed forces to prepare for war. |
| Kaiser | German emporer |
| Propaganda | The spreading of beliefs that help a particular cause and hurt an opposing cause. |
| Pacifist | Someone that refuses to fight in any war |
| Armistice | An agreement to stop fighting |
| Self-Determination | National groups and cultures having the right to their own land, government, and borders. |
| Bull Market | A time when the stock market is doing well |
| Bear Market | A time when the stock market is doing poorly |
| Installment buying | Buying on credit |
| On-margin | Buying a stock with 10% of the total price down. The broker would loan the rest. |
| Anarchist | People opposed to organized government. |
| Quota system | Allowing only so many people from a particular country to enter the U.S. per year. |
| Relief | Giving help to the needy (New Deal) |
| Fireside Chat | FDR's radio addresses to the nation. |
| Collective Bargaining | The process in which a union representing a group of workers negotiates with management for a contract. |
| Deficit Spending | Spending more than the government takes in in taxes. |
| Dictator | A ruler that has complete power over a country |
| Totalitarian State | A single party controls the government and every aspect of the lives of the people (i.e. NAZI Party) |
| Appeasement | Giving in to agression in order to avoid war. |
| Blitzkrieg | The German concept of "lightning war" |
| Island Hopping | Capturing island after island in the Pacific to get closer and closer to Japan (WWII) |
