| A | B |
|---|
| Diffusion | Is the random movement of molecules utilizing the energy of the normal kinetic motion of matter |
| Active transport | Is the movement of substances across the membrane in combination with a carrier protein against an energy gradient |
| Simple diffusion | The molecules move without binding with carrier proteins |
| Facilitated diffusion | Requires a carrier protein |
| Voltage gating | The molecular conformation of the gate responses to the electrical potential across the cell membrane |
| Sodium channels | the inner surfaces negatively charged. The negative charge pulls the ions from their hydrating water molecules |
| Potassium channels | are not negatively charged |
| Chemical gating | are protein channel gates that open by the binding of other molecule with the protein |
| Facilitated diffusion | Substance transport needs assistance of a specific carrier protein |
| Osmosis | Is the net movement of water caused by a concentration difference |
| Secondary active transport | The energy needed is derived form of ionic concentration differences between the two sides of the membrane |
| Co-transport: | the diffusion energy of sodium pull other substances in the same direction through the cell membrane |
| Counter- transport | The sodium ions moving to the interior causing the other substance to move to the exterior |
| Primary active transport | The energy needed is derived directly from ATP |
| Channel Proteins | Have watery spaces althrough the molecule |
| Osmotality | is expressed in Osmoles |
| Carrier proteins | bind with substances that are to be transported |
| The extracellular fliud contains large amounts of | Sodium,chloride and bicarbonates |
| The intracellular fluid contains large amounts of | Potassium, magnesium and phosphate |
| Osmotic pressure | is determined by the number of particles per unit volume of a fluide |
