| A | B |
|---|
| Franklin Roosevelt | President from 1932-1945. Initiated the New Deal to fight the Depression. Steered the nation through World War II. |
| Teddy Roosevelt | President 1901-1909. Rough Rider, Trustbuster, Seized Panama, Helped pass the Pure Food and Drug Act. |
| Charles Lindbergh | First person to fly solo, non-stop from NY to Paris. |
| Abraham Lincoln | Was against the spread of slavery. Institutes the Emancipation Proclamation to free slaves in rebelling states. |
| Samuel Gompers | Founder of the AFL. Allowed only skilled workers to join. |
| Terence Powderly | Leader of the Knights of Labor. Wanted to create a "great brotherhood of toil". |
| Alice Paul | Radical sufferagette. Led the National Women's Party. Picketed the White House during WWI. Hunger Strikes! |
| John Brown | Tried to arm slaves around Harper's Ferry, Virginia. Becomes a martyr for the cause of abolition. |
| William Lloyd Garrison | Most outspoken abolitionist. Newspaper-The Liberator. Founded the NE Anti-Slavery Society. |
| Frederick Douglas | African American abolitionist. Eloquent speaker. Born a slave. Newspaper-The North Star. |
| Jefferson Davis | Confederate president during the Civil War. Had trouble delegating authority. |
| Abraham Lincoln | His election to the presidency made southern states begin to secede in 1860. |
| Robert E. Lee | Led the Army of Northern Virginia during the Civil War. Refused to fire a shot against his home state. Brilliant military commander. Surrenders at Appomattox. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | "Butcher". Lincoln liked him because he fought. Later elected to the presidency. General in the Union Army. |
| Thaddeus Steven | Radical Republican. Wanted to punish the South after the Civil War and protect the rights of African Americans. |
| John Wilkes Booth | Disgruntled southern actor that assasinates Lincoln. |
| Andrew Johnson | President after Lincoln's assasination. Hated by Radical Rep. for his lenient Reconstruction plan, veto of the 14th amendment. Impeached for firing Stanton. |
| Dred Scott | Abolitionist lawyers sue for his freedom when his owner dies, arguing that he had spent considerable time in free states. Supreme Court finds that he must remain a slave and that African Americans are not citizens, therefore cannot sue. |
| Charles Sumner | Abolitionist Senator from Mass. Beaten by Preston Brooks on the Senate floor for his "Crime Against Kansas" speech. |
| Blanch K. Bruce | First African American Senator. He was from Mississippi. Elected during Radical Rule in the south during Reconstruction. |
| Samuel Tilden | Former governor of NY. Wins the election of 1876 with disputed votes. Concedes the election in return for an end to Reconstruction. (Democrat) |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | Governor of Ohio. Wins the election of 1876 when disputed votes swing in his favor. Agrees to end Reconstruction in return for votes. |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | Homer Plessy sues that he cannot be restricted to a certain railroad car. Supreme Court rules that "separate but equal" facilities for African Americans is OK! |
| Andrew Carnegie | Steel Baron. Vertically Integrated his company and utilized the Bessemer Process. Donated over 60$ to charities. |
| John D. Rockefeller | Standard Oil Co. Used cutthroat tactics such as predatory pricing and rebates to crush his competition. Created the first business TRUST. |
| J.P. Morgan | Banker. Used his banking profits to buy other corporations. Helped stabilize industrial prices by holding bank loans over company's head. |
| Thomas Edison | The Wizard of Menlo Park. Invented the electric power plant as well as the first light bulb. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Inventor of the telephone. |
| Henry Ford | Used the moving assembly line to manufacture Model T's. Made the automobile affordable to the masses. |
| Orville and Wilbur Wright | Achieved the first flight! Kittyhawk, NC. Flew for 12 sec and 120 ft. |
| George Pullman | Manufactured luxury sleeping cars. Had a company town in Illinois. Raised rents in his town without raising wages. His workers went on strike. |
| Eugene Debs | Head of the ARU during the Pullman Strike. Socialist. Ran for president 4 times. Jailed for criticizing WWI. |
| James Garfield | President in 1881. Assasinated by an angry office seeker. Leads to Civil Service Reform. |
| William Marcy "Boss" Tweed | Democratic Political Boss of NYC's Tammany Hall. As Commissioner of Public Works, he took huge kickbacks from overbudgeted building projects. |
| Thomas Nast | His political cartoons helped to expose the corruption of Boss Tweed. |
| Ida Tarbell | Wrote the History of the Standard Oil Company. Exposed the practices of Rockefeller in McClure's Magazine |
| Upton Sinclair | Wrote THE JUNGLE. Exposed nasty conditions in the meatpacking houses. |
| Battling Bob LaFollette | Wisconsin Governor. His progressive reforms became a model for the nation. |
| William Howard Taft | TR's hand picked successor to the presidency. Broke up twice as many Trusts as TR. Weighed over 300 lbs. Runs against TR in the 1912 election. |
| Woodrow Wilson | President 1913-1921. Domestic Policy: New Freedom. Enters WWI to make the world "Safe for Democracy". 14 Points-League of Nations. |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | Head of the NAWSA. Pushed her "Winning Plan". To work state to state for suffrage while still demanding a federal amendment. She also supports WWI. |
| Booker T. Washington | Forms the Tuskegee Institute. Believes that African Americans should seek vocational education. Believed in not complaining about conditions until you have a sound economic footing. |
| WEB Dubois | Talented Tenth. Don't accept discrimination. Seek a university education. Believed Booker T Washington was selling out. Helped form the NAACP. |
| Commodore Mathew Perry | Opened Japan to trade under order from President Fillmore. Made two trips to Japan. Had them sign the Treaty of Kanagawa. |
| William Seward | Secretary of Sate under Lincoln and Johnson. Purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million is 1867. Called "Seward's Folly". |
| Queen Liliuokalani | Queen of Hawaii. Tried to limit the power of sugar planters. Deposed in a revolt against her. |
| John Hay | Secretary of State under McKinley and T. Roosevelt. Sent Open Door Notes to China. Negotiated to purchase the Panama Canal. |
| George Dewey | Sunk the entire Spanish Pacific Fleet at Manila Bay in the first battle of the Spanish American War. |
| William Randolph Hearst | His NY Journal used yellow journalism and helped start the Spanish American War. "You supply the pictures, I'll supply the war." |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | Filipino patriot. Fought to kick both the Spanish and the U.S. out of the Phillipines. |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne. Assasinated by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian Nationalist that wanted Bosnia free of Austria-Hungary. |
| John J. Pershing | Led African American soldiers during the Spanish American war. Nicknamed "Black Jack." Led the AEF during WWI. Insisted on using US troops as separate units. |
| Arthur Zimmermann | German Foreign Secretary. Sent a secret note to Mexico offering a return of Cal, NM, and AZ and an alliance if they attack the US. |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | Republican Senator that opposes the League of Nations. He feels that article 10 of the League Charter will involve the U.S. in another foreign war. |
| Warren G. Harding | President 1921-23. Republican. His administration is racked with scandals. Teapot Dome, Veteran's Bureau, etc. Wanted to return the country to "Normalcy". |
| Calvin Coolidge | President 1923-1929. " The business of America is business." Gets credit for the prosperity of the 1920's. He didn't talk much. |
| Albert T. Fall | Secretery of the Interior that leases govt' oil lands in Teapot Dome and Elk Hills to private companies in exchange for brigbes. First cabinet member to go to prison. |
| Louis Armstrong | Brilliant Jazz musician of the 1920's |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | FDR's "eyes and ears". Traveled the nation to check up on the New Deal and see what the people needed. |
| Herbert Hoover | President 1929-32. Leads the Food Administration during WWI and feads Europe. Widely blamed for the Great Depression. Breaks up the Bonus Army. |
| Adolph Hitler | Leader of the NAZI party in Germany (Fascist). Invades Poland starting WWII. Responsible for the Final Solution and Holocaust. |
| Benito Mussolini | Fascist ruler of Italy during WWII. |
| Neville Chamberlain | Give Hitler the Sudetenland at the Munich Conference. Becomes notorious for his appeasement policy. British Prime Minister. |
| Rosie the Riveter | Symbol of women in the workforce during WWII. 18 million women take up jobs in defense industries to help promote the war effort. |
