| A | B |
|---|
| Anticodon | an area on a tRNA molecule that consists of three bases that are complementary to the codon of mRNA |
| Uracil | one of the four bases that combine with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit of RNA; uracil pairs with adenine |
| Exon | a section of DNA in a gene that codes for the amino acids in a protein and for the beginning and the end of a coding sequence |
| GeneExpression | the display of the genetic material of an organism in the form of specific traits |
| GeneticCode | the rule that describes how the order of nucleotides, read in groups of three consecutive nucleotides (triplets) that correspond to specific amino acids, specifies the order of amino acids in a protein |
| Intron | a section of DNA in a gene that does not code for any amino acids and that is transcribed into RNA but is removed before it is translated |
| lacOperon | a gene system whose operator gene and three structural genes control lactose metabolism in E. coli |
| Messenger | a type of RNA that carries to the ribosomes the information to make a protein |
| Operator | a short sequence of viral or bacterial DNA to which a repressor binds to prevent transcription (mRNA synthesis) of a gene in an operon |
| Operon | a unit of gene regulation and transcription in bacterial DNA that is made up of a promoter, an operator, and one or more structural genes |
| PointMutation | a mutation in which only one nucleotide or nitrogenous base in a gene is changed |
| Repressor | a regulatory protein that binds to an operator and blocks transcription of the genes of an operon |
| RibonucleicAcid | a molecule made up of a chain of nucleotides; RNA plays a role in protein synthesis |
| Ribosomal | a type of RNA that, together with proteins, makes up a ribosome; ribosomes coordinate the joining of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons when proteins are made |
| RNAPolymerase | an enzyme that starts (catalyzes) the making of RNA by using a strand of a DNA molecule as a template |
| Transcription | the process of making RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template |
| Transfer | a type of RNA that transfers amino acids to the growing end of a protein chain during translation |
| Translation | he part of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains |
| Codon | a three-nucleotide sequence on an mRNA molecule that codes for an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal |
