| A | B |
|---|
| Amos | first biblical prophet whose words were recorded in a book, an older contemporary of Hoseah and Isaiah |
| Assyria | empire that came to control all of the Fertile Crescent, Egypt and much of Anatolia |
| Babylon | seat of the Neo-Babylonian Empire |
| Cyrus | founder of the Persian Empire under the Achaemenid dynasty |
| David | second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament |
| Goliath | Philistine warrior, famous for his battle with the young David, the future king of Israel |
| Hanukkah | eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem at the time of the Maccabean Revolt of the 2nd century BCE |
| idolatry | worship of any cult image, idea, or object, as opposed to the worship of a monothestic God |
| Isaiah | 8th-century BC Judean prophet who declared all the world to be under Yahweh's control, and who warned his people that their nation would be destroyed if they turned from Yahweh |
| Jerusalem | holiest city in Judaism and the spiritual center of the Jewish people since the 10th century BCE |
| Judah | kingdom dominated by the Tribe of Judah and ruled by the House of David, from the breaking off of the Kingdom of Israel following the death of King Solomon until the Babylonian Exile |
| Judas Maccabeaus | led the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid Empire (167 BCE-160 BCE) and is acclaimed as one of the greatest warriors in Jewish history alongside Joshua, Gideon and David |
| messiah | agent from God who comes to set things right for God's people |
| Philistines | people who inhabited the southern coast of Canaan, their territory being named Philistia in later contexts |
| prophet | person who has encountered the supernatural or the divine and serves as an intermediary with humanity |
| psalm | sacred song or hymn |
| Samaria | capital of the Kingdom of Israel |
| Saul | first king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel |
| Solomon | third king of the United Monarchy, and the final king before the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah split |
| Twenty-third Psalm | The Lord is my Shepherd . . |
