| A | B |
|---|
| Senator | 2 per state. 6 year term. Must be 30 yrs or older. Part of the legislative branch. Helps draft and pass laws. |
| Representative | At least 1 per state. Number based on population. Must be 25 or over. Part of Legislative Branch. Helps to draft and pass laws. |
| President | Executive Branch. Elected by the electoral college every 4 years. Must be 35 or over. Signs bills into law or vetoes. Commnader in Chief of the military. |
| Supreme Court Justice | Appointed by president. Approved by Congress. Can interpret laws or declare them unconstitutional. No age requirement. |
| Seneca Falls Convention (1848) | leaders of the women's rights movement voted on a paln of action. Declaration of Sentiments:" declared men and women are created equal". The start of the women's suffrage movement. |
| Missouri Compromise (1820) | Compromise over spread of slavery and representation in Congress. Maine=Free. Missouri=Slave. Dividing line at 36'30 (north of it free. south of it slave) |
| Wilmot Proviso | Pennsylvania congressman argued that slavery should be outlawed in any land won from Mexico. This angered southerners. It didn't pass. |
| Free Soil Party (1848) | The first political party to attempt to stop the spread of slavery into the new western states. Made up of former whigs and Democrats. Van Buren ran as their first candidate. |
| Compromise of 1850 | California enters free. New Mexico and Utah open to Pop. Sovereignty. Slave trade banned in Wash. D.C.. Congress declared it had no right to meddle with slavery where it already existed. |
| Fugitive Slave Law | Anyone who let a runaway slave escape could be fined 1,000 dollars or jailed 6 months. |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Showed the evils of slavery. Angered the south. They felt Stowe had no idea of what slavery was like. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) | Opened Kansas and Nebraska to popular sovereignty |
| Bleeding Kansas (1854) | Pro and anti slavery forces migrate to Kansas to vote it slave or free. Fighting between the groups claims 200 lives by 1856. |
| Republican Party | Main goal was to keep slavery out of the west. Made up of former Democrats, Whigs, and free-soilers. John Fremont was their first candidate. |
| Harper's Ferry (1859) | John Brown tries to raid an arsenal and arm slaves. He is captured, hung, and becomes a martyr to northerners. |
| Fort Sumter (1861) | Opening shots of the Civil War. Southerners want to seize this federal fort in SC. |
| Emancipation Proclamation (1863) | War measure aimed at freeing slaves in only the rebelling states. Lincoln wanted to preserve the loyalty of border states and hurt the south's ability to fight the war. |
| Massachusett's 54th | The "Glory" Brigade. Famous African American regiment. Lead the attack on Ft. Wagner. |
| Gettysburg Address | Lincoln proclaims that "all men are crated equal". Wanted to ensure that those killed during the war hadn't died in vain. |
| Appomattox Courthouse | Town in southern Virginia. Lee surrenders to Grant at McClean House. |
| Wade-Davis Bill (1864) | Required a majority of white men to swear loyalty to the U.S. It denied the right to vote to any former confederate. This was the plan of radical republicans. |
| 10% Plan (1864) | Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan. Southern states could return to the union when 10% swore loyalty to the union. Must accept the 13th Amendment. |
| Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction Plan | A majority must swear loyalty and accept the 13th amendment. |
| Reconstruction Act of 1867 | Radical Republicans take over Reconstruction from Andrew Johnson. Threw out southern state governments. Divided South into 5 military districts. All states mus accept the 14th amendment. African Americans must be allowed to vote. |
| Haymarket Riot (1886) Chicago | Workers at the McCormick reaper plant in Chicago wnet out on strike. Chicago police kill 4 workers in a scuffle. A bomb is thrown at police. Police open fire. 4 men are convicted and hung. This marked the end of the Knights of Labor. |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911) | 146 young immigrant women die when they are trapped on the 8th floor. Many jump to their deaths. Exposes unsafe conditions in sweatshops. |
| Old immigrants (before 1885) | come from Northern and Western Europe. England.Germany.Ireland. Scandinavia. |
| New immigrants (after 1885) | Come from Eastern and Southern Europe (Italy:Greece: Poland: Russia:Hungary) |
| Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) | Bans the immigration of anyone from China. |
| Interstate Commerce Commison | Set up to end abuses such as pools and rebates in the railroad industry. Government agency. |
| Civil Service Commission | Government agency responsible for filling jobs in the federal government fairly. |
| Sherman Anti-trust Act | Banned any business combination that acted in "restraint of trade". |
| Northern Securities Case (1902) | Roosevelt breaks up the first trust ever. He stops the combination of western railroads under JP Morgan. |
| Anthracite Coal Strike (1902) | Teddy Roosevelt threatens to send in the army to run the mines during a strike in the Pennsylvania coal region when owners refuse to negotiate. One of the first times the govt' sides with labor. |
| Square Deal | Teddy Roosevelt's domestic program of reforms. |
| Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) | The act required food and drug makers to list all ingredients on their packages and ended false advertising. |
| Bull Moose Party | Progressive Party 1912. Roosevelt runs as their first candidate after failing to win the Republican nomination. |
| New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson's domestic reform policies. |
| Federal Trade Commission | Government commission set up to investigate companies and order them to stop using unfair business practices |
| Clayton Anti Trust Act 1914 | Prohibited business practices that stifle competition and banned the use of anti-trust acts against labor unions. |
| Federal Reserve Act (1913) | Created a series of Federal Reserve Banks powered with regulating interest rates. |
| Treaty of Kanagawa/Yokahama (1854) | Negotiated by Comm. Perry with Japan. Opened two Japanese ports to trade. Japan agrees to help shipwrecked sailors. |
| Open Door Policy (1899) | John Hay (Sec. of State) writes two letters to all nations colonizing China. He asks for all nations to have a right to trade in any sphere of influence. |
| Boxer Rebellion (1900) | Internatial army, including 2500 Americans, puts doewn a rebellion of Chinese "Boxers" that wanted an end to foreign influence. Other nations use this victory as an excuse to take more of China. |
| The Maine (1898) | Battleship that mysteriously explodes in Havana Harbor. This is the spark that sets off the Spanish American War. |
| Rough Riders | 1st Volunteer Cavalry Regiment. Led by Teddy Roosevelt. Made up of cowboys and college men. |
| Roosevelt Corollary (1904) | Addition to the Monroe Doctrine. States that the U.S. can act as an "international police power" in the Western Hemisphere. |
| Dollar Diplomacy | Taft's foreign policy. Substituted dollars for bullets. Wanted to use money and investment to control Central America. |
| Allied Powers WWI | Britain, France and Russia |
| Central Powers WWI | Gernamy, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Russia drops out of WWI and makes peace with Germany after their communist revolution |
| Fourteen Points | Woodrow Wilson's plan to ensure that there is never another WWI |
| League of Nation | Association of nations meant to preserve peace. |
| Versailles Treaty | Ends WWI. Germany takes guilt, must disarm, loses colonies, and must pay reparations. |
| Teapot Dome Scandal (1923) | Sec. of the Interior Albert Fall leases govt. oil land in return for large cash bribes. |
| Red Scare/Palmer Raids 1920-1 | Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer rounds up those suspected of being radicals, communists or anarchists. Hundreds are arrested and some deported without due process. |
| Fireside Chats | Franklin Roosevelts radio addresses to the nation. |
| Black Tuesday (1929) | The day the stock market crashed. |
| Bonus Army (1932) | Jobless veterans march on D.C. looking for the govt' to pay their bonuses early. They are run out of town by Hoover. |
| Brain Trust | FDR's advisers and cabinet that helped him fight the depression. They included college professors and intellectuals. |
| The Hundred Days | FDR's first 100 days in office. He passes 15 major new laws. ACTION ACTION ACTION |
| Dust Bowl | Drought and overfarming during WWI cause this agricultural disaster in the Great Plains during the 1930's. |
| Neutrality Acts (1930's) | Laws that banned arms sales or aid to coutries at war. Meant to keep the U.S. isolated from conflict. |
| Munich Conference 1938 | Hitler is handed the Sudetenland. Appeasement. |
| Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939 | Germany and Russia agree not to attack each other. They also secretly divide up Poland. |
| Cash and Carry (1940) | Britain and France can buy arms from the U.S., but they must pay cash and carry them on their own ships. |
| Lend-Lease (1941) | allowed FDR to lend supplies or arms to "any country deemed vital to the defense of the US." |
| Rosie the Riveter | The symbol of women in the workforce during WWII. Over 18 million women work in defense industries. |
| Executive Order 9066 | Relocated 120,000 Japanese Americans. They were seen as a security risk. It was feared they would spie for Japan. |
| Cold War | Post WWII rivalry between the U.S. and Communist Soviet Union. The U.S. fought communism in Berlin, Vietnam, etc. |
| Articles of Confederation | First American Constitution. Each state has one vote in Congress. The states had final authority over most matters. The national govt' was weak |
| 1st Amendment | Personal Freedoms:(SPEECH, ASSEMBLY, PRESS, RELIGION) |
| Bill of Rights | First 10 amendments to the constitution. |
