| A | B |
|---|
| abdicate | give up or renounce the right to the throne |
| assassination | murder of someone of signficiance |
| autocrat | ruler unwilling to share or limit his/her power |
| Balkans | area of SE Europe along the Balkan peninsula |
| commune | system of organising farming in Russia 1861 - 1905 |
| duma | elected parliament in Russia |
| emancipation | freedom from ownership |
| industrialisation | production of goods in mechanised factories |
| liberalism | emphasis on rights of people over government control |
| Russification | enforcement of Russian language and culture over other groups |
| soviets | workers' councils |
| urbanisation | trend of rural workers to move and settle in cities |
| Bolsheviks | faction of Russian Social Democratic Party led by Lenin |
| Mensheviks | faction of Russian Social Democratic Party led by Martov |
| kulak | degrogatory term for rich peasants |
| Octobrists | political moderates who used the October Manifesto to try to rebuild Russia |
| Decembrists | group of young reformist military officers who wanted a constitutional monarchy |
| serfs | labourers bound to and transferred with land |
| Petrograd | earlier name for St Petersburg |
| Novgorod | trading city established by the Slavs |
| Kiev | city overthrown by the Tartars in the 13th Century |
| Zemstva | elected local assemblies |
| Okhrana | secret police force |
| Crimea | war fought by Russia to gain control of access to the Mediterranean Sea |
| censorship | restriction on freedom of speech and press |
| bureacracy | system of public service used to carry out policies of the government |
| redemption | payments made by peasants to secure their release from serfdom |
| Witte | minister who introduced economic and administrative reforms |
| Stolypin | Prime Minister 1906 - 1911 |
| slavophile | philosophy following a feudal system |
| cadets | political group led by Miliukov, that favoured the establishment of a constitutional monarchy |
| Rasputin | nick-name meaning immoral; referring to the monk Grigorii |
| Gapon | priest who led the Bloody Sunday march |
| agriculture | basis of Russian economy until early 20th C. |
| terrorism | use of violence to gain politcal change |
| socialism | promotion of the ownership of resources by the people |
| suffrage | right to vote |
| manifesto | written declaration of a policy |
| patriotism | devotion to and support for one's own country |
