| A | B |
|---|
| Nerves | Bundles of axons and their sheaths which extend from the central nervous system |
| Ganglia | Collections of neuron cell bodies which are outside of the central nervous system |
| Spinal nerves | Nerves which originate from the spinal cord |
| Cranial nerves | Nerves which originate from the brain |
| Afferent neurons | Neurons which transmit action potentials from the sensory organs to the central nervous system |
| Efferent neurons | Neurons which transmit action potentials from central nervous system to the effector organs |
| Somatic motor nervous system | The system that transmits action potentials from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles |
| Autonomic nervous system | The system that transmits action potentials from the central nervous system to the smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands |
| Sympathetic division | Division of the autonomic nervous system that generally prepares the body for physical activity |
| Parasympathetic division | Division of the autonomic nervous system that regulates resting and nutrition-related functions such as digestion, defecation, and urination |
| Association neuron | A neuron that conducts action potentials from one neuron to another neuron within the central nervous system |
| Excitability | The ability to create an action potential in response to a stimulus |
| Potential difference | A measure of the charge difference across the cell membrane |
| neuroglia | the "connective tissue of the nervous system |
| microglia | type of neuroglia that engages in phagocytosis to fight infection |
| astrocytes | type of neuroglia that forms the blood-brain barrier |
| oligodendrocytes | neuroglia that binds together and insulates CNS neurons |
| schwann cell | neuroglia that insulates PNS neurons |
| ciliated ependymal cells | neuroglia that moves the cerebrospinal fluid around |
| non-ciliated ependymal cells | neuroglia that secretes cerebrospinal fluid |
