| A | B |
|---|
| Accommodation (pluralistic) theory | recognizes the persistence of racial and ethnic diversity where minorities can maintain their distinctive subculture while simultaneously interacting with relative equality in the larger society pp. 62, Parrillo (2006) |
| Acculturation | a process where minority groups adapt their distinctive cultural traits to those of the host society pp. 33. Parrillo (2006) |
| Amalgamation (melting-pot) theory | states that all the diverse peoples blend their biological and cultural differences into an altogether new breed – The American pp. 59, Parrillo (2006) |
| Anglo-conformity | where Anglo-Saxonism is the mold that newcomers must fit pp. 57, Parrillo (2006) |
| Assimilation (majority conformity) theory | refers to the functioning within a society of racial and ethnic minority-group members who lack any marked cultural, social, or personal differences from the people of the majority group pp. 57, Parrillo (2006) |
| Chain migration | where immigrants will follow a pattern of settling in an area already containing family, friends, or compatriots who located there earlier pp. 39, Parrillo (2006) |
| Convergent subcultures | a subculture with a tendency toward assimilation with the dominant society pp. 40, Parrillo (2006) |
| Cultural assimilation (acculturation) | the change of cultural patterns to match those of the host society pp. 57, Parrillo (2006) |
| Cultural determinism | the transmission of cultural inadequacies that result in a culture of poverty pp. 49, Parrillo (2006) |
| Cultural differentiation | differences between cultures that make one group distinguishable from another pp. 547, Parrillo (2006) |
| Cultural diffusion | where cultures are inevitably influenced by other cultures pp. 37, Parrillo (2006) |
| Cultural pluralism | two or more culturally distinct groups coexisting in relative harmony pp. 548, Parrillo (2006) |
| Cultural transmission | where each culture transmits its culture to the next generation, which learns those cultural definitions at an early age pp 36, Parrillo (2006) |
| Culture | consists of physical or material objects as well as the nonmaterial attitudes, beliefs, customs, lifestyles, and values shared by members of a society and transmitted to the next generation pp. 31-32, Parrillo (2006) |
| Culture of poverty | the conception of a disorganized and pathological lower-class culture first formulated by E. F. Franklin and later used to inspire the writings of D. P. Moynihan and O. Lewis of the cycle of poverty and deprivation that pervaded the black community that could only be overcome through government intervention pp. 45, Parrillo (2006) |
| Culture shock | when people’s assumptions are jolted through contact with an unfamiliar culture that supports different expectations pp. 38, Parrillo (2006) |
| Economic determinism | the structural barriers and discrimination that result in a culture of poverty pp. 49, Parrillo (2006) |
| Ethclasses | sub societies resulting form the intersection of stratifications of race and ethnic group with stratifications of social class pp. 45, Parrillo (2006) |
| Ethnic stratification | the structured inequality of different groups with different access to social rewards as a result of their status in the social hierarchy pp. 52, Parrillo (2006) |
| Ethnic subcultures | immigrants sometimes develop a group consciousness unknown in their old countries in response to conditions within the host country pp. 39, Parrillo (2006) |
| Ethnogenesis | the group retains, modifies, or drops elements from its cultural heritage as it adapts to its new country, shaped partly by the core culture in selectively absorbing elements and modifying others pp. 39, Parrillo (2006) |
| Internal-colonialism theory | posits that U.S. treatment of its black population resembled past European subjugation and exploitation of non-Western peoples in theor own lands pp. 53-54, Parrillo (2006) |
| Linguistic relativity | Because words symbolically interpret the world to us, the linguistic relativity of language may connote both intended and unintended prejudicial meanings pp. 34, Parrillo (2006) |
| Marginality | Because the subculture is undergoing change, its members may experience problems of marginality – living under stress in two cultures simultaneously pp. 40, Parrillo (2006) |
| Marital assimilation (amalgamation) | large scale intermarriage with members of the majority society pp. 57, Parrillo (2006) |
| Material culture | consists of all physical objects created by members of a society and the meanings/significance attached to them pp. 31, Parrillo (2006) |
| Nonmaterial culture | consists of abstract human creations and their meanings/significance in life pp. 31, Parrillo (2006) |
| Norms | are culture’s rules of conduct – internalized by the members – embodying the society’s fundamental expectations pp. 32, Parrillo (2006) |
| Occupational mobility | the ability of individuals to improve their job position pp. 52, Parrillo (2006) |
| Paralinguistic signals | sounds but not words, such as a high sigh or the m-m-m sound of tasting something good pp. 35, Parrillo (2006) |
| Parallel social institutions | immigrant clubs, organizations, newspapers, stores, churches, and schools duplicating those of the host society pp. 39, Parrillo (2006) |
| Paternalism | the dominant group exercises almost complete control over the subordinate group and can direct virtually unlimited coercion to maintain societal order pp. 53, Parrillo (2006) |
| Persistent subcultures | unassimilated subcultures that have either chosen not to assimilate or face difficulties in assimilating pp. 40, Parrillo (2006) |
| Power-differential theory | intergroup relations depend on the relative power of the migrant group and the indigenous group pp. 52, Parrillo (2006) |
| Primary structural assimilation | involves close, personal interactions between dominant- and minority- group members in settings such as those in churches, families, social clubs and organizations, or small social gatherings pp. 58, Parrillo (2006) |
| Reputational method | asking people how they thought others compared to them pp. 43, Parrillo (2006) |
| Secondary structural assimilation | involves the more impersonal public sphere of social interaction pp. 58, Parrillo (2006) |
| Social class | is one categorization sociologists use to designate people’s place in the stratification hierarchy pp. 43, Parrillo (2006) |
| Social stratification | is the hierarchal classification of the members of society based upon the unequal distribution of resources, power, and prestige pp. 42, Parrillo (2006) |
| Social structure | the organized patterns of behavior among the basic components of a social system pp. 31, Parrillo (2006) |
| Structural assimilation | the large-scale entrance into the cliques, clubs, and institutions of the host society on a primary-group level pp. 57, Parrillo (2006) |
| Structural differentiation | a correlation between low socioeconomic status and structural conditions such as racism, economic stagnation, and high urban unemployment pp. 42, Parrillo (2006) |
| Structural pluralism | the coexistence of racial and ethnic groups in subsocieties within social-class and regional boundaries pp. 63, Parrillo (2006) |
| Thomas theorem | posits that ‘Human beings respond to their definitions of stimuli rather than to the stimuli themselves’ pp. 35, Parrillo (2006) |
| Value-stretch approach | states that the poor do not have different values, but have different behaviors that reflect pragmatic coping mechanisms pp. 49, Parrillo (2006) |
| Vicious-circle phenomenon | people create a culturally determined world of reality and their actions reinforce their beliefs such as a group’s attitudes and actions toward other groups pp. 36, Parrillo (2006) |
