| A | B |
| Geologic record | can be read from the sediment deposits on the flood plain |
| Monitoring | the regular collection of data for a specific purpose |
| Global circulation models | provide information necessary for evaluating Earth as a system |
| Climate | Atmosheric conditions over a long period of time |
| Troposphere | the lower active part of the atmoshere where weather occurs |
| Stratosphere | The layer of atmosphere above the troposphere where there is a positive temperature gradient |
| Mesosphere | Approximately 30-60 miles (50-85 km) above the Earth's surface and has a negative temperature gradient |
| Thermosphere | The highest layer in the atmosphere |
| Nitrogen gas | makes up about 78% of the atmosphere |
| Oxygen gas | makes up about 21% of the atmosphere |
| Anthropogenic forcing | changes in environmental conditions brought upon by human activity, not natural causes |
| Glacier | land bound mass of moving ice |