| A | B |
|---|
| Ivan the Terrible | Russian leader who claimed the title of Czar |
| Marco Polo | European trader who spent a significant amount of time in China and then returned to Europe to tell his stories |
| Ghengis Khan | leader of the Mongols who conquered huge areas of Asia |
| Constantine I | Roman Emperor who moved the capital to Constantinople |
| Samurai | Japanese warriors |
| Shinto | Japanese religion based upon nature, consideres the emperor divine |
| Kami-kaze | divine wind that saved Japan from the Mongol forces |
| Mongols | conquered most of the Asian world during the middle ages |
| Hagia Sophia | religious building in Constantinple built by Justinians |
| Great Wall | built to keep the invaders out of China |
| Mayans | Ancient civilization in Central America |
| Aztecs | Ancient civilization in Mexico |
| Incas | Ancient civilization in South America |
| Grand Canal | Connects the cities of Beijing and Hangzhou to transport goods within China. |
| Machu Picchu, Peru | City built in the Andes mountains by the Incan Indians. |
| Hadrian’s Wall | Built in England by the Roman emperor Hadrian to protect the Roman empire from invaders |
| Mesopotamia | First civilization, it was located in the middle east between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. |
| Democracy | A form of government in which the citizens participate in ruling the state/country. |
| Monarchy | A form of government in which a single ruler governs. |
| Communism | An ideal society in which property would be owned in common and the necessities of life shared by members of the community according to their needs. |
| Islam | Founded by Muhammed, it has a large influence in the Middle East, Africa and throughout the world. |
| Christianity | Based on the teachings of the ancient Hebrews and Jesus, it has a large influence on Europe, the America’s and throughout the world. |
| Hinduism | Based on a series of beliefs, including reincarnation, it has a large influence in India and other places throughout the world. |
| Buddhism | Based on a series of teachings by Siddharta Guatama, it has a large influence in China, southeast Asia, and other countries around the world. |
| Christopher Columbus | Explorer under the Spanish flag, which claimed Cuba and other islands for Spain, he was searching for a route to the far east. |
| Hieroglyphics | “picture writing” which was used to keep records |
| Egyptians | Early civilization that developed along the Nile River |
| Aqueducts | Built by the Roman empire to move water from one area to another |
| Parthenon | Greek temple in Athens |
| Gothic Cathedral | Christian church with pointed arched windows and flying buttresses |
| Pagoda | Chinese temple |
| Aryans | skilled and brave fighters who conquered the people of India |
| Gupta | strong Indian empire who kept out invaders because of a strong military, they permitted the worship of Hinduism and Buddhism |
| Silk Road | connected China with Europe |
| Confucius | Chinese man who described the ways people should act in all of their relationships |
| Mali | powerful kingdom of Africa from 1200's-1400's |
| Aborigine | native of Australia |
| Sahara Desert | traders spread Islam across this desert when trading with Africans |
| land bridges | theory which suggests that Oceania was populated during the ice ages |
| Locke | said that the State should be based on a contract between the "governor" and the "governed" |
| Bourgeoisie | middle class were made up of business people, merchants, and lawyers |
| Bastille | stored many arms and weapons in Paris, France |
| guillotine | execution machine |
| Napoleon | leader of France who was intelligent, allert and hard-working |
| Marie Antoinette | Queen of France that was disliked by the people of France and executed during the Reign of Terror |
| Minos | Leader on the island of ancient Crete |
| Aristotle | Greek Philosopher and teacher of Alexander the Great |
| Zeus | most powerful of Greek gods |
| Pericles | powerful leader of Athens |
| Darius | king of the Persians who was a fierce enemy of the Ancient Greeks |
| Socrates | Greek philosopher who was forced to commit suicide because of his radical teachings |
| oligarchy | government of a small group of individuals |
| Sparta | military state in ancient Greece |
| Athens | General Assembly ruled along with the Council of 500 creating the first republican form of government |
| Colony | a settlement established by citizens of another country |
| Opium War | Battles fought between the British and the Chinese |
| a document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area | charter |
| A form of political organization in which the sovereign states combine for certain specified purposes such as defense is called a/an | confederation |
| A set of customs, traditions, rules and laws that sets forth the way a government is organized and operated. (A formal plan of government) | constitution |
| a political system, headed by a dictator, that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance for opposition | fascist |
| A political system in which land is given by a noble to his vassals in exchange for personal allegiance. | feudalism |
| referring to surprise attacks or raids other than organized warfare | guerilla |
| the building of an empire, the extension of a nation's power over other lands | imperialism |
| native to a region | indigenous |
| as if belonging to the Middle Ages; old-fashioned and unenlightened | medieval |
| having one god | monotheism |
| ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause | propaganda |
| A member of a Western Christian church whose faith and practice are founded on the principles of the Reformation | Protestant |
| the government in power | regime |
| payment made by the victors by the vanquished to cover the costs of a war | reparation |
| form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote; a form of government in which the supreme political power resides in the electorate, and administration is exercied by the representatives who are responsible to the people | republic |
| an economic system based on state ownership of capital; a system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production | socialism |
| the ultimate supreme power in a state | sovereign |
| only enough food to feed ones family is produced; practice of growing just enough for personal use; not for sale | subsistence |
| goods or money paid by conquered people to their conquerors | tribute |
| A member of a people considered by those of another nation or group to have a primitive civilization | barbarian |
| The qualities idealized by knighthood, such as bravery, courtesy, honor, and gallantry toward women | chivalry |
| Charlemagne | First Holy Roman Emperor |
| Treaty of Verdun | division of Charlemagne's empire into 3 parts |
| Vikings | invaders from the Northern Europe |
| Lief Ericson | discovered and explored North American |
| William the Conqueror | Duke of Normandy who defeated English king to become ruler of England |
| Magna Carte | Great Charter signed by King John |
| Islam founder | Muhammed |
| God of Islam | Allah |
| Holy Book of Islam | Koran |
| Jewish book of history and law | Talmud |
| Jewish Holy Book | Torah |
| Christian Holy Book | Bible |
| Holy City of Islam | Mecca |
| Muslim place of worship | Mosque |
| Catholic Monastery that had strict established rules | Benedictine |
| Leader of the Catholic church | Pope |
| men who chose to live their lives apart from the world and its temptations | Monks |
| Gutenburg | inventor of the printing press |
| Machiavelli | wrote "The Prince" |
| Cortez | conquered the Aztecs of Mexico |
| Elizabeth | queen of England who led her country into a golden age and who knighted Francis Drake for his success as a sea captain |
| Martin Luther | leader of the Protestant reformation in Germany |
| Prince Henry | created a school of navigation and sailing in Portugal |
| Bloody Mary | daughter of Henry VIII executed many protestants in England |
| Da Vinci | painted the Last Supper and the Mona Lisa |
| Michelangelo | painted the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David |
| Gothic Architecture | flying buttress, pointed arch, and stained glass |
| Henry VIII | strong English leader who is most well known for his 6 wives |
| reformation | to make better by removing faults |
| renaissance | re-birth |
| Shakespeare | English author of plays and sonnets |
| Spanish Inquisition | the attack by the Catholic church upon non-Catholics |
| Protestants | those Christian supporters of Luther who protested what the Catholic church was doing |
| Magellan | credited with circumnavigating the globe |
| Invinicible Armada | fleet of 130 Spanish ships defeated by the English |
| gladiators | person engaged in a fight to the death for the entertainment of the Roman masses |
| Nero | a bad roman emperor who accused the Christians of burning Rome |
| Caesar Augustus | Octavius - heir to Julius Caesar |
| Paul | apostle who spread Christianity throughout the Roman empire |
| Cleopatra | Egyptian queen |
| Karl Marx | founder of the communist theory, creaing the basic ideas of communism |
| Lenin | leader of the Bolsheviks in Russia |
| Nicholas II | last czar of Russia, executed by the Bosheviks |
| Bolsheviks | radical socialists who wanted to over throw the Czar |
| Rasputin | "evil" Russian monk who controlled the Czar's family |
| Stalin | leader of Russia who creatd the Five-Year Plan to improve the U.S.S.R. |
| U.S.S.R. | United Soviet Socialist Republics |
| Sumer | 2300 b.c.e. - 2000 b.c.e. The first civilization, it had specilization of labor, had first written laws, record keeping and a ziggurat, developed in Mesopotamia |
| Ziggurat | temple of ancient Sumer |
| Pharoah | Egyptian god on earth |
| Hatsheput | first female ruler in history - Egyptian |
| Hieroglyphics | Egyptian picture writing |
| Ramsses II | Powerful ruler of Egypt |
| reincarnation | belief of rebirth |
| Ten Commandments | basis for Hebrew law |
| Hammurabi | created a code of law for the Babylonians |
| Neanderthal | early man who stood upright |
| Versailles | palace built by French kings and location where the treaty was signed ending the World War I |
| nationalism | belief that your country is better |
| imperialism | belief that your country has a right/duty to take over other parts of the world |
| League of Nations | organization formed with the intention to keep war from happeneing |
| Lusitania | British ship sunk by German U-boat |
