| A | B |
|---|
| Central Nervous System | Composed of a brain and spinal cord |
| Synapse | A microscopic gap that separates neurons |
| Neurotransmitter substances | Acetylcholine, catecholamines, histamine, serotonin, endorphins, and enkephalins |
| Cerebral cortex | Involved in all conscious processes |
| Thalamus | Receives impulses carrying sensations such as heat, cold, pain, muscle position |
| Hypothalamus | Regulates body temperature, arterial blood pressure, anterior pituitary hormones, food and water intake |
| Medulla oblongata | Contains neurons that form the vital cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers |
| Reticular formation | When stimulated produces wakefulness and alertness |
| Limbic system | Regulates behavior and emotions |
| Cerebellum | Coordinates muscular activity; maintains balances and posture |
| Pyramidal tracts | Carry impulses from the brain to the spinal cord to the skeletal muscle |
| Extrapyramidal tracts | Does not enter the pyramids |
| Hypoxia | Lack of oxygen |
| Hypoglycemia | Causes confusion, dizziness, convulsions, loss of consciousness, and brain damage |
| Thiamine | Required for the production and utilization of glucose |
| Thiamine deficiency | Causes degeneration of the myelin sheath |
| Moderate CNS depression | Causes drowsiness, decreased muscle tone, decreased ability to move, decreased perception of sensation |
| Severe CNS depression | Causes unconsciousness, respiratory failure |
| Mild CNS stimulation | Causes wakefulness, alertness, decreased fatigue |
| Moderate CNS stimulation | Produces hyperactivity, excessive talking, nervousness, insomnia |
| Phenobarbital | Produces side effects of apnea, laryngospasm |
| Phenytoin | Produces side effects of hirutism, gingival hyperplasia |
| Diazepam | Produces side effects of ataxia, drowsiness |
| Ethosuximide | Produces side effects of hiccups, headaches |
| Nardil | MAO Inhibitor |
| Prozac | Tricyclic antidepressant |
| Eskalith | Lithium |
| Chlorpromazine | Phenothiazine derivative |
| Amitriptyline | Tricyclic antidepressant |
| Muscarinic receptors | Located in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of parasympathetic fibers and effector organs of the cholinergic sympathetic fibers |
| Nicotinic receptors | Located in the ganglia of both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers, the adrenal medulla, and the skeletal muscle that is supplied by the somatic motor system |
| Alpha 1 sites | On the postsynaptic effector cells |
| Alpha 2 sites | On the presynaptic nerve terminals |
| Synaptic junction | From one neuron to another neuron |
| Neurohormonal transmission | Passage of a nerve impulse across a junction with the use of a chemical |
| Conduction | Passage of a nerve impulse along a nerve fiber or muscle fiber |
| Neuroeffector junction | From a neuron to an effector organ |
| Adrenergic blocking drug | Blocks the action of the sympathetic nervous system |
| Cholinergic blocking drug | Blocks the action of the parasympathetic nervous system |
| Cardiac muscle | Alpha 1 receptor |
| Bronchial smooth muscle | Beta 2 Receptor |
| Adipose Tissue | Beta 2 Receptor |
| Platelet aggregation | Alpha 2 Receptor |
| Levodopa | The most effective drug available for treatment of Parkinson's Disease |
| Dantrolene | Drug for prevention and treatment of malignant hyperthermia |
| Diazepam | Physically incompatible with othe drugs of this class |
| Halothane | One of the most widely used anesthetics |
| Thiopental sodium | Given intravenous to induce anesthesia |
| Pancuronium | Its effects can be reversed by neostigmine |
| Nitrous oxide | Used alone for analgesia in dentistry, obstetrics, and brief surgical procedures |
| Fentanyl | A very potent narcotic analgesic similar to morphine whose analgesic effect lasts about 30 minutes |
| Lidocaine | Topical anesthetic that has a rapid onset |
| Alcohol | The primary drug of abuse worldwide |
| Marijuana | Drug used as an antiemetic for patients receiving anticancer drugs |
| Disulfiram | A drug used in the treatment of alcohol abuse |
| Methadone | Drug used in the treatment of heroin abuse |
| Dopamine | A drug used to raise the blood pressure |
| Narrow-angle glaucoma | A contraindication to using adrenergic agents |
| Isoproterenol | A drug that produces bronchodilation as well as tachycardia |
| Epinephrine | A drug used for the treatment of allergic reactions, shock, and cardiac arrest |
| Albuterol | Commonly used inhaler that produces bronchodilation |
| Labetalol | The drug of choice for treating hypertensive emergencies |
| Atenolol | A selective beta blocker used to treat a myocardial infarction |
| Propranolol | Patients use this drug to prevent migraine headaches |
| Digoxin | When this drug is administered with beta blockers, heart block can result |
| Prazosin | This drug can be administered with beta blockers for treatment of unresponsive hypertension |
| Isoproterenol | When this drug is administered concurrently with beta adrenergic blockers, it will decrease the effect of the beta adrenergic blocking agent |
