| A | B |
|---|
| Act of Supremacy (1534) | Decalred the King the Supreme head of the Chruch in England |
| Anglicanism | Upholding to the teachings of the Church of England as defined by Elizabeth I. Initally advocated 3 sacraments but kept only 2: Communion and Baptism |
| John Calvin (1509-1564) | Theological writings profoundly influenced religious thought of Europeans. Wrote INSTITUTES OF CHRISTIAN RELIGION. Although he was French, he was located in Geneva, which became a theocracy. Believed in 2 sacraments: Communion and Baptism. Advocated salvation through face alone, and the idea of predestination |
| Constubsantiation | The bread and wine go under a spiritual change |
| Transubstantiation | Catholic belief that the bread and wine actually become the body of christ |
| Council of Trent (1545) | Called by Pope Paul III to reform the Chruch and secure reconciliation with the protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend |
| Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556) | Prepared the FIRST BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER |
| Diet of Worms (1521) | Assembly of the states of the empire, called by the Holy Roman Empire |
| Edict of Nantes (1598) | Granted the Hugenots liberty of conscience and worship |
| Excommunication | When a person is expelled from the Catholic Church |
| Huguenots | French Calvinists |
| Jon Hus (1369?-1415) | Bohemian religious reformer whose efforts to reform the church eventually fueled the Protestant Reformation |
| Ignatius Lovola | Founded the society of Jesus, resisted the spread of Protestantism, SPIRITUAL EXERCISES |
| Indulgences | Selling of these was common practice for the Catholic Church, corruption that led to reformation |
| THE INSTITUTES OF CHRISTIAN RELIGION | Written by John Calvin in 1536. Bible the only source of Christian Doctrine; only two sacraments- baptism and communion |
| Jesuits | Members of the Society of Jesus, staunch Catholics. Led by Loyola, they were dedicated to removing the abuses from the Church and restoring the Catholic Church |
| John Knox (1505?-1572) | Calvinist who learned from Calvin in Geneva and then dominated the movement for reform in Scotland |
| Martin Luther (1483-1546) | 95 Theses, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolute rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments- baptism and communion. Justification through faith alone, good works is a result of justification. Lutherans owe loyalty to the state. Believed in constubsantiation |
| Simony | the selling of church offices |
| Usury | The practice of lending money for interest |
| Theocracy | A community in which the state is subordinate to the church. Best example was Geneva under John Calvin |
| Predestination | Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life. God already knows who is going to heaven regardless of their life on earth |
| Johann Tetzel | The leading seller of indulgences. Infuriated Luther |
| Thomas Wolsey (1474?-1530) | Cardinal, highest ranking church officer and lord chancellor. Dismissed by Henry VIII for not getting the pope to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon |
| John Wycliffe (1328?-1384) | Forerunner to the Reformation. Created English Lollardy. Attacked the corruption of the clergy, and questioned the power of the pope. Translated the Bible into English |
| Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) | Swiss reformer, influenced by Christian Humanism. He looked to the state to supervise the church. Banned music and relics from services. Killed in a civil war |
| Baroque | Style in art and architecture develped in Europe from about 1550 to 1700, emphasizing dramatic, curving forms, elaborate ornamentation, and overall balance of disparate parts. Associated with Catholicism |
| Henry IV of Bourbon-Navarre (1553-1610) | The first bourbon king of France who ended nearly forty years of civil war. He won the War of the Three Henrys and coverted to Catholicism to prevent further bloodshed stating "Paris is worth a Mass." He was assassinated by a religious fanatic in 1610 |
| Defenestration of Prague (1618) | The throwing of Catholic officials from a castle window in Bohemia. Started the Thirty Years War. |
| Peace of Westphalia (1648) | Traty that ended the Thirty Years War (1618-1648), and readjusted the religious and political affairs of Europe |
| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572) | Mass slaying of Huguenots (Protestants) in Paris, on Saint Bartholomew's Day |
| War of the Three Henrys | French civil war because the Holy League vowed to bar Henry of Navarre from inheriting the French throne. Supported by the Holy League and Spain's Philip II, Henry of Guise battles Henri III of Valois and Henry of Navarre |
