| A | B |
|---|
| Age of Enlightenment | intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries that celebrated human reason and sought to realize its potential in all areas of human endeavors |
| capitalism | an economic system in which the means of producing and distributing goods are privately owned and operated for profit in a competitive market |
| Christendom | the Christian world or Christians in general |
| hierarchical | organized or classified according to rank, capacity or authority |
| Judeo-Christian | beliefs and practices which have their historical roots in Jewish and Christian beliefs |
| Middle Ages | a period lasting from the 5th - 14th centuries, during which the political, economic, and military structure was characterized by feudalism |
| nation-state | the modern nation as the representative unit of political organization |
| papacy | the office or authority of the Pope, the spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic church |
| private morality | the principles of civic virtue as expressed in Judeo-Christian teachings, as well as fundamental ideas about right and wrong that come from religion, ethics, and individual conscience |
| Providence | belief in God's interest and involvement in the affairs of the world |
| public morality | the principles of civic virtue embodied in the Greek and Roman ideals |
| Reformation | 16th century religious movement armed at reforming the Roman Catholic church and resulting in the establishment of Protestant churches |
| Renaissance | the great revival of art, literature and learning in Europe during the 14-16 centuries, based on classical sources |
| secular government | a system of political power not exercised by ecclesiastical bodies or the clergy |
