| A | B |
|---|
| Zero Property of Multiplication | A statement that says that the product of a number and zero is always zero |
| y-intecept | The y-valueof the point at which a line or curve intersects the y-axis |
| Y-Coordinate | The value that is given second in an ordered pair, which tells the distance of a point from the x-axis |
| Y-Axis | The vertical number line on a graph or a coordinate grid |
| x-intercept | The x-vale of the point where a line or curve intersctes the x-axis |
| X-Coordinate | The value that is given first in an ordered pair, which tells the distance of a point from the y-axis |
| X-Axis | The horizontal number line on a graph or a coordinate grid |
| Whole Number | The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on |
| Volume | The number of unit cubes needed to fill up the space it occupies |
| Vertical Angles | Congrusent angles that form opposite each other when two lines intersect |
| Vertical | Up and Down |
| Vertex (of a parabola) | The point that has the maximum or minimum value of the parabola |
| Vertex | A common endpoint of two sides of a polygon or an angle |
| Venn Diagram | A pictorial representation of sets usually using circles and/or rectangles |
| Variable | A letter used to stand for a missing number or numbers |
| Unknown | A letter used to stand for a missing number |
| Unit Circle | A circle with a radius of one unit |
| Union (of sets) | The set of elements belonging to one or more of the sets involved. |
| Trinomial | An algebriac expression with three terms |
| Triangle | A flat 3 sided polygon |
| Trapezoid | A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides |
| Transversal | A straight line that intersects two or more other coplanar straight lines at distinct points |
| Translation | The movement of a graph without rotating or changing it's size |
| Transformation of a Function | Changing a function by stretching, shrinking, reflecting, rotating, or repositioning |
| Third Quartile | The median of the scond half of a data set |
| Theoretical Probability | The number of favorable outcomes for an event divided by the total number of possible outcomes for that event |
| Term | Part of an expression separated by addition or subtraction |
| Tangent | The ratio of sine to cosine; also, two figures which touch at a single point |
| Surface Area | The measured total area of the surface of a solid shape |
| Supplementary angles | Two angles whose measures have a sum of 180º |
| Sum | The answer to an addition problem |
| Subset | One set is a subset of another if every element of one set is also an element of the other set |
| Straight angle | An angle of measure 180º |
| Stem-and-Leaf- Plot | A graphical method of displaying numerical data by grouping items that agree in all but (at most) their final digits |
| Statistical Inference | A process in which unknown characteristics of a population are inferred from the characteristics of an observed sample in the population |
| Standard Deviation | A measure of spread that gives the typical distance each number in a data set is from the mean |
| Square Root | The factor of a number that when squared is the number |
| Square | A quadrilateral with 4 congruent sides and 4 right angles |
| Sphere | The set of all points in space that are a fixed distance from a particular point |
| Solution Set | The set of value(s) for which an equation or inequality is true |
| Solid of revolution | A three-dimensional shape formed by revolving a two-dimensional figure around a straight line (axis of revolution) |
| Slope | The rate of change (rise over run; change in y divided by change in x) between any two points on a line |
| Sine (of an acute angle) | In a right triangle, the sine of an acute angle is the ratio of the length of the side opposite the angle to the length of the hypotenuse |
| Simplfy | To rewrite an expression by combining like terms or iusing the order of operations; or to rewrite a fraction by dividing both the numerator and denominator by a common factor |
| Simplest Form | A fraction for which the only common factor of the numerator and denominator is 1 |
| Simple Interest | Interest Paid on the original principle only |
| Similar objects | Two objects such that the distance between any two points of one object is a particular constant times the distance between the corresponding points of the other object. Objects that have the same shape. |
| Sigma Notation | Use of the 18th letter of the Greek (∑) alphabet to compactly represent sums or series of terms |
| Side | Any one of the line segments that determines the polygon |
| Set | A group of elements |
| Series | A an infinite ordered set of terms combined together by the addition operator |
| Sequence | An ordered set of mathematical objects |
| Semicircle | Half of a circle |
| Segment | The region enclosed between an arc and a chord |
| Sector | The region enclosed by two radii and the arc between them |
| Scatter Plot | A graph on which data are represented as points |
| Scalene Triangle | A triangle with no congruent sides |
| Scale Factor | The ratio of the lengths of corresponding sides of two similar figures |
| Sample Space | The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment |
| Rotational symmetry | The property of figures by which a copy can be made to coincide with the original figure by a rotation (around a point) of less than 360º |
| Root | A value of the variable that satisfies the equation |
| Right triangle | A triangle with one right angle |
| Right angle | An angle of measure 90º |
| Rhombus | A quadrilateral with all its sides congruent |
| Remainder | An amount left over after one number is divided by another |
| Regular polygon | A polygon with all sides the same length and all angles equal in measure |
| Reflex angle | An angle of measure greater than 180º and less than 360º |
| Recursively Defines Sequence | A sequence described by saying how to get to each term from the one before it |
| Rectangle | A quadrilateral with 4 right angles |
| Reciprocal Function | A fucntion where the variable is the denominator of a fraction |
| Reciprocal | The number by which a given number can be multiplies to get one. |
| Real Numbers | The combined ste of all rational and irrational numbers |
| Ray | Part of a line that starts at a particular point on the line and extends infinitely far in one direction |
| Rational Number | A number that can be written as the ratio of two non-zero integers |
| Rational Function | A quotient of two polynomials |
| Ratio | A comparison of two numbers, often written as a fraction |
| Range (of a data set) | The numeric difference between the largest and smallest data values |
| Range | The set of possible values of the dependent variable (y-values) for a function |
| Radius | The distance or segment from the center to any point of a circle |
| Radian Measure | The ration of arc length to the radius of a circle |
| Quotient | The result of dividing one number by another |
| Quartiles | One of the three numbers (first, second, third) that separate an ordered set of numnerical data into quarters |
| Quadrilateral | A flat 4 sided polygon |
| Quadratic Function | A polynomial function of degree 2 |
| Quadrant | Each of the four regions that are formed by the perpendicular axes of a coordinate plane |
| Proportion | An equality between two ratios |
| Probability | A measure from 0 to 1 of our belief that some event will or will not occur |
| Prime Number | A whole number with value greater than one, whose only factors are one and itself |
| Prime Factorization | The division of a number until it is expressed as the product of only prime factors |
| Population | A group of objects, events, or peeople studied in order to collect data |
| Polynomial Function | A function which is the sum of terms consisting solely of the product of real number coeeficients and variables with whole number exponents |
| Polynomial | An algebraic expression with two or more terms |
| Polygonal path | A sequence of line segments each connected to the next by a common endpoint |
| Polygon | A polygonal path that starts and ends at the same place and does not intersect itself anywhre in between |
| Point of symmetry | The point around which rotational symmetry occurs |
| Point | An exact place in space |
| Plane Figure | A two-dimensional figure embedded in a plane (as opposed to solid geometry, for example) |
| Plane | A flat surface made up of a continuous and unending set of points, going on forever in all directions |
| Pi | The ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle |
| Phase Shift | The horizontal displacement of a periodic function |
| Perpendicular Lines | Lines that form a 90º angle where they cross |
| Perpendicular bisector | A line that intersects a given segment at right angles and divides it into two equal parts |
| Permutation | A possible order or arrangment of a set of items or events |
| Periodic Function | A function that repeats in a pattern |
| Period | The smallest positive value that must be added to the independent variable in a periodic function to repeat the function |
| Perimeter | the measure of the distance around the outside shape of a figure |
| Perfect Square | The product of an integer times itself |
| Percent | Parts per hundred |
| Pentagon | A flat 5 Sided figure |
| Partition | To divide a set into subsets such that every element of the set belongs to one and only one subset |
| Parallelogram | A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides |
| Parallel lines | Straight lines in a plane that never intersect, no matter how far they are extended |
| Parabola | A curve produced by graphing a quadratic equation |
| Outlier | A data item that does not fit in well with the rest of the data |
| Origin | The point of intersection of the axes of a coordinate system; (0, 0) |
| Order of Operations | The convention that indicates the order in which mathematical operations should be performed: parentheses; exponents; multiplication and division; and addition and subtraction |
| One-to-one Function | A function where for each value of y in the range there is exactly one unique value of x |
| Octogon | A flat 8 Sided figure |
| Obtuse Triangle | A triangle with one obtuse angle |
| Obtuse angle | An angle of measure greater than 90º and less than 180º |
| Numerator | The top number in a fraction |
| Nonagon | A flat 9 Sided figure |
| Natural Numbers | The set of counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ... |
| Multiple | The product of a given whole number and any other whole number |
| Monomial | An algebraic expression with one term |
| Mode | The number or numbers that occur most often in a data set |
| Mixed Number | A number with a whole number part and a fractional part |
| Minimum | The smallest value of a set or function |
| Midpoint | The point that lies exactly halfway between the endpoints of a line segment |
| Median (of a triangle) | A line segment with one endpoint a vertex of a triangle and the other endpoint the midpoint of the side opposite the vertex |
| Median | The middle value of a set of numeric data when the data are arranged in size order |
| Measurement Data | data that are numbers being used to count or measure things |
| Mean Absolute Deviation | The mean of all the distances between the individual data items and the mean of the data set |
| Mean | The balance point of a numeric data setÉfound by dividing the sum of the data by the numebr of data items |
| Maximum | The largest value of a set or function |
| Matrix | Rectangular array(s) of numbers |
| Logarithm | An exponent; the inverse of exponentiation |
| Linear Equation | An first-degree equation that represents the graph of a straight line |
| Line Segment | A part of a line with two endpoints |
| Line | A set of connected points that goes on forever in opposite directions |
| Like Terms | Terms in an expression that have the same variables with the same exponents |
| Leg | One of the sides of a right triangle that is not the hypotenuse |
| Least Squares Regression Line | A straight line that minimizes the sum of the suares of the vertical distances from the line to the points of a given data set in a coordinate plane |
| Least Common Multiple | The smallest quantity that is divisible by two or more quantities |
| Least Common Denominator | The common multiple of two or more denominators that has the least value |
| isosceles trangle | A triangle that has two congruent sides |
| Irregular Polygon | A polygon with at least one side or angle that is not congruent to the others |
| Irrational numbers | Non-terminating, non-repeating decimals that cannot be written as a fraction |
| Inverse variation | A relationship between two variables such that one is a positive constant divided by the other |
| Inverse Operations | Operations that give oposite results, or undo each other |
| Inverse Function | The reflection of a one-to-one function about the line y = x |
| Interval | A space or distance between numbers on a number line |
| Intersection (of Sets) | The set of elements common to two or more sets |
| Interquartile Range | The numeric difference between the first and thrid quartiles in a data set |
| Interior angles | The angles that open toward the inside of the polygon |
| Integers | The set of positive and negative whole numbers and 0 |
| Inscribed polygon | A polygon with all its vertices on a circle |
| Inscribed angle | An angle formed by two chords with an endpoint in common |
| Infinite | Having no limit; never ending |
| Inequality | An algebraic statement that says that two numbers or expressions representing numbers are not equal |
| Independent Variable | The variable that represents the domain, or input, of a function |
| Independent system | A system of equations that has exactly one solution |
| Independent Events | Two events in a probability experiment where the outcome of one event does not effect the likelihood of outcomes in the second event |
| Inconsistent system | A system of equations which has no value that will satisfy all of the equations |
| Improper Fraction | a fraction with a numerator greater than or equal to its denominator |
| Identity Property of Multiplication | A statement that says the product of a number and one is equal to that number |
| Identity Property of Addition | A statement that says the sum of a number and zero is equal to that number |
| Hypotenuse | Ths side of a right triangle that is opposite the right angle |
| Horizontal | Going left and right |
| Histogram | A graphical display of measurement data that uses rectangles to show the frequency of data items in successive numeric intervals of equal size |
| Hexagon | A flat 6 Sided figure |
| Heptagon | A flat 7 Sided figure |
| Graph | A pictorial representation of a set of points in a coordinate system |
| Geometric Mean | A number that when inserted between two other numbers forms a geometric sequence |
| Function | Any process or rule that assigns to each element of a first set, the domain, exactly one element from a second set, the range |
| Frequency | The number of times a value appears in a data set |
| Five-Number Summary | The minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum numbers of a set of numeric data |
| First Quartile | The median of the first half of a data set |
| Finite | Limited |
| Feasible Region | The set of points in a coordinate plane corresponding to the feasible solutions of a Linear Programming problem |
| Factorial | The product of a positive integer and every positive integer less than itself |
| Factor | A number or expression that is multiplied to obtain a product |
| Face | Each of the polygonal pieces that, joined at their edges, form a polyhedron |
| Extrapolation | A procedure used to predict values of a variable in an unobserved interval from observed values |
| Exterior angle | An angle formed by one side of a polygon and the extension of an adjacent side |
| Expression | A group of numbers and variables linked by operation signs |
| Exponential Function | A function in which the independent variable is used as an exponent |
| Exponent | A number that stands for the power, or the number of times the base is to be multiplied |
| Experimental Probability | The number of favorable outcomes for an event, divided by the number of trials in a probability experiment |
| Expected Value | Intuitively, the average outcome obtained when an experiment with numeric outcomes is repeated many time |
| Event | A subset of a sample space |
| Evaluate | To find the value of a mathematical expression |
| Equivalent | Having the same value but written differently |
| Equilateral Triangle | A triangle with three congruent sides and three congruent angles |
| Equilateral polygon | A polygon in which all sides have the same length |
| Equidistant | Describes points that are all the same distance form a given point |
| Equiangular | Describes a 2 dimensional figure in which all angles have the same measure |
| Equation | A statement that two expressions are equal |
| Equal | The same as |
| Endpoint | A point at the end of a line segment or ray |
| Empty Set | The set with no elements |
| Element | An object in a set |
| Dotplot | A data display in which each data item is shown as a dot above its value on the number line |
| Domain | The set of all possible input values (x-values) for a function |
| Divisible | Describes a number that can be divided by another number without a remainder |
| Distributive Property | A statement that says the product of a number and a sum equals the sum of the individual products; a(b+c)=ab+ac |
| Disk | A circle together with all the points inside it |
| Disjoint Sets | Two or more sets that have no elements in common |
| Disjoint Events | Events that cannot happen at the same time |
| Discriminant | The expression b^2 - 4ac, the value of which indicates the nature of the roots of a quadratic equation |
| Direct variation | A relationship between two variables such that one is a positive constant times the other |
| Dilation | The change in size of a figure or graph without changing its shape, to create an image that is similar to the original |
| Digit | Any of the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ,9 used to write numbers |
| Difference | How much is left after you subtract |
| Diameter | A chord that includes the center of a circle; aslo the length of this chord |
| Diagonal | A line segment that joins two nonconsecutive vertices of a polygon |
| Deviation | The difference between a data value and some measure of center, such as the mean |
| Dependent Variable | the variable that represents the range, or output, of a function; the y-variable |
| Dependent system | A system of equations with infinitely many solutions |
| Dependent Event | An event that is affected by the outcome of another event in the same probability experiment |
| Denominator | The bottom number in a fraction |
| Degree of a Polynomial | The highest exponent of the polynomial |
| Decimal | The base-10 notational system for representing real numbers. The expansion of a number using this system is called its decimal expansion (e.g. the decimal expansion of pi is 3.1415926É) |
| Decagon | A flat 10 Sided figure |
| Data | Factual information |
| Cubic Equation | An equation in which the highest power of its variable is three |
| Cross section | The intersection of a plane and a three-dimensional object |
| Coterminal angles | Angles with the same initial and terminal ray, e.g., 30º and 390º |
| Cosine (of an acute angle) | In a right triangle, the cosine of an acute angle is the ratio of the length of the adjacent leg to the length of the hypotenuse |
| Corresponding Angles | Angles from congruent figures that have the same measure and shape; Angles that are located in similar places along a transversal that intersects two lines |
| Coordinates | An ordered pair of numbers used to identify the position of a point in a coordinate system |
| Convex polygon | A polygon in which the measure of each angle is less than 180º |
| Constraint | A condition that restricts your actions with regard to solutions to problems |
| Constant of proportionality | The number that one variable is multiplied by in a direct proportion, or the number that is divided by one variable in an inverse proportion |
| Constant | A number or symbol representing a value that doesn't change |
| Consistent system | A system of equations that has one or more solutions |
| Consecutive | In order with no numbers skipped |
| Congruent figures | Figures that have the same shape and size |
| Conditional Probability | The probability that one event will occur, given that a second event has already occurred |
| Concentric circles | Two or more circles in the same plane that have the same center |
| Compound Interest | Interest paid on the prinicple and the accrued interest |
| Compound Event | A combination of two or more events in a probability experiment |
| Composite Number | A number that is the product of two integers other than 1 and itself |
| Complex Number | A number that can be written in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i = √-1 |
| Complementary angles | Two angles whose measrues have a sum of 90º |
| Commutative Property of Multiplication | A statement that says the order in which numbers are multiplied does not change their product: ab=ba |
| Commutative Property of Addition | A statement that says the order in which numbers are added does not change their sum: a+b=b+a |
| Combination | A selection of objects in which the order of selection is not important |
| Collinear (points) | Points on the same line |
| Coefficient | A numerical value or other constant that is multiplied by a variable |
| Circumference | The distance around a circle |
| Circular Functions | Functions that can be generated from the unit circle |
| Circle Graph | A graph that shows data as parts of a whole; Pie Chart |
| Circle | The set of all points in a plane that are a fixed distance from a particular point |
| Chord | A line segment with both its endpoints on the same circle |
| Central angle | An angle formed by two radii of a circle |
| Center | The point that is equidistant from all points of a circle or sphere |
| Category Data | Data that can be classified into groups and titled |
| Cartesian Coordinate plane | The two-dimensional plane with perpendicular axes, usually referred to to as the x-axis and y-axis |
| Boxplot | A five-number summary in picture form |
| Bisect | To divide something into two equal parts |
| Binomial | An algebraic expression with two terms |
| Bimodal | A set made up of two distinct data groupings that are relatively far from one another |
| Biased (Experiment) | An experiment or event in which one or several outcomes are more likely to occur than others |
| Base of an Exponent | A factor that is multiplied by itself the number of times shown in the exponent |
| Base of a Figure | The side of a 2-D figure or the face of a 3-D figure that is perpendicular to the figure's height |
| Bar Graph | A graph that uses bars to show data |
| Axis of Symmetry | A line that divides a figure in half so that each half is the mirror image of the other |
| Axis of Revolution | The line about which a planar figure is revolved to form a solid of revolution |
| Axis | One of the reference lines in a coordinate system |
| Average | A single number that describes all the numbers in a set; mean, median, or mode |
| Asymptote | A line that part of a curve approaches but does not intersect |
| Associative Property of Multiplication | Whe multiplying, how numbers are grouped does not change the product: (ab)c=a(bc) |
| Associative Property of Addition | When adding, how numbers are grouped does not change the sum: (a+b)+c=a+(b+c) |
| Area | The number of square units needed to cover a flat space without overlapping |
| Arc | A portion of a circle |
| Approximation | A value that is very close but not exactly equal to another number; an estimate |
| Angle bisector | A line or ray that divides an angle in half |
| Angle | A figure formed by two line segments or rays with a common endpoint |
| Amplitude | The vertical distance between the centerline and maximum value of a sinusoidal function |
| Altitude (of a triangle) | A line segment drawn from one vertex to the opposite side that is perpendicular to the side |
| Alternate interior angles | Two nonadjacent interior angles on opposite sides of a transversal that intersects two lines |
| Alternate Exterior Angles | Angles on opposite sides of a transversal and outside the lines it crosses |
| Adjacent angles | A pair of angles that have a common vertex and a common ray or side |
| Acute Triangle | A triangle with three acute angles |
| Acute angle | An angle of measure less than 90º (but more than 0º) |
| Absolute Value | The distance a number is from zero on the number line |
