| A | B |
|---|
| Cations | positively charged ions made from metal atoms. only 2 common ions (hydrogen and ammonium are formed from non-metals. most cations are monatomic ions made of only 1 atom from which 1,2,or3 atoms have been removed thru a chem. reaction |
| ammonium ion | polyatomic because it contains 5 atoms total, 1 nitrogen atom bonded to 4 hydrogen atoms--there is 1 electron fewer in the ion than required to balance the total no. of protons present in the 5 atoms |
| copper (1) ion | monatomic because it consists of only one atom. the (1) referes to the charge of +1. it does not appear in the symbol but only in the name |
| hydrogen ion | substances which produce hydrogen ions in a water solution are known as acids. the hydrogen ion is responsible for the acidic behavior. when acids are neutralized, hydrogen ions combine with hydroxide ions to form water which is neutral. |
| lithium ion | Li+ |
| potassium ion | K+ |
| sodium ion | Na+ lithium, sodium and potassium are so reactive that they are never found uncombined in nature. any natural occurrence of these metals is in the form of ions as part of ionic compounds |
| ions with a +1 charge (1 electron missing) | ammonium, copper (1), hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium |
| ions with a +2 charge (2 electrons missing) | calcium, copper (II), iron (II), lead (II), magnesium, zinc |
| ions with a +3 charge (3 electrons missing) | aluminum, iron (III) |
| ions with a -1 charge (1 electron add'l) | bromide, chloride, fluoride, iodide, bicarbonate, hydroxide, nitrate |
| ions with a -2 charge (2 electrons add'l) | carbonate, oxide, sulfate, sulfide |
| ions with a -3 charge (3 electrons add'l) | phosphate |
