| A | B |
|---|
| aerobic | oxygen-requiring |
| aggregation | a temporary association of cells that come together for a period of time and then separate |
| analogous character | similar features which evolved through convergent evolution |
| binomial nomenclature | the two name method for naming organisms which was developed by Linnaeus |
| cladistics | the approach used when biologists reconstruct a phylogeny in which relationships are inferred based on similarities derived from a common ancestor |
| cladogram | a branching diagram which shows the evolutionary relationships among organisms |
| class | a group of orders with similar characteristics |
| colonial organism | a collection of cells that are permanently associated, but in which little or no integration of cell activities occurs |
| convergent evolution | organisms which evolve similar features independently, often because they live in similar habitats |
| derived trait | unique characteristics found in a particular group of organisms |
| division | an alternative term for phyla which is used in the classification of bacteria, fungi and plants |
| evolutionary systematics | a subjective method of taxonomy in which biologists use judgment to consider the importance of the characters among a group of organisms |
| family | genera with similar properties |
| gametic meiosis | life cycle in which the only haploid cell is gametes are the only haploid cell |
| gametophyte | haploid phase which undergoes mitosis producing gametes that fuse to give rise to the diploid phase |
| genus | group of similar species |
| hybrid | the offspring produced when two different species interbreed |
| intercellular coordination | the adjustment of a cell's activity in response to what other cells are doing |
| kingdom | a group of similar phyla |
| multicellular organism | an organism composed of many cells which are permanently associated with one another and that integrate their activities |
| obligate anaerobe | organisms which are poisoned by oxygen |
| order | a group of similar families |
| peptidoglycan | carbohydrate-protein compound found in the cell walls of eubacteria |
| phylogeny | the evolutionary history of a species |
| phylum | a group of classes with similar characteristics |
| species | a group of organisms which look alike and are capable of producing fertile offspring in nature |
| sporic meiosis | life cycle in which there is a regular alternation between the haploid and diploid phase |
| sporophyte | diploid phase which undergoes meiosis producing spores that give rise to the haploid phase |
| taxonomy | the science of naming and classifying organisms |
| theory of endosymbiosis | proposes that mitochondria are descendants of symbiotic, aerobic eubacteria |
| zygotic meiosis | life cycle in which the diploid zygote undergoes meiosis immediately after it is formed producing haploid cells; the zygote is the only diploid cell |
