| A | B |
|---|
| The Anglo-Saxon period ended | when the last Saxon king died without an heir. |
| William, Duke of Normandy | claimed the English throne |
| Battle of Hastings 1066 | Noman Conquest |
| Norman influences | refined life, English language, feudalism, census, took control of the church |
| French + Middle English | Germanic language of the Anglo-Saxons |
| serfs | peasant farmers |
| William ordered a | census |
| The census was called | the Domesday Book |
| The Domesday Book was written | in 1086 |
| Normans spoke | French |
| highest church official in England | Archbishop of Canterbury |
| Medieval Period | Age of Chivalry |
| Chivlary | code of conduct set for the nobility and the knights |
| Knights should exhibit | strength, courage, loyalty, and courtesy |
| King Arthur | Celtic war chief |
| England lost | the Hundred Years' War with France in 1453 |
| End of the 15th century | England had a strong constitutional monarchy |
| constitutional monarchy | king or queen in title, but power limited by a constitution |
| 1453 | Tudor period began |
| Sir John Graeme falls in love with | Bonny Barbara Allan |
| popular ballad | a short narrative folk song which tells of a single (usually tragic) event in an objective manner |
| ballad stanza | four rhyming lines with four accented iambic syllables in lines one and three and three accented syllables in lines two and four |
| carol | popular art form which originated in medieval France; were originally any joyous songs or hymns |
| "Cherry-Tree Carol" | a carol |
| a popular ballad | "Bonny Barbara Allan" |
| medieval ballads | tell tragic stories, but some do have a lighter tone |
| a medieval ballad | "Get up and Bar the Door" |
| medival tendency | embellish Bible stories for dramatic effect |
| reverdie | "regreening" |
| reverdie | a lyric celebrating the return of spring |
| a reverdie | "Cuccu Song" |
| "Sir Gawain" | written around 1370 |
| "Sir Gawain" | written by the Pearl Poet |
| King Arthur lived | in the 6th century |
| "Sir Gawain" takes place | on New Year's Day |
| medieval romance | a form of writing based primarily on the adventures of various knights and often abounding in the supernatural |
| Wycliffe | translated the Bible into English |
| allegory | abstract ideas are personified to teach a moral lesson |
| Everyman represents | the fact that no one can escape Death |
| mystery plays | plays on biblical subjects |
| miracle plays | plays dealing with the legends of the saints |
| mystery play was | the most popular form |
| guilds | incorporated associations of various trades and crafts would perform a play related to their profession |
| pageant | the play stage |
| morality play | present an allegorical battle of vice and virtue |
| "Everyman" is a | morality play |
| Everyman's three friends | Fellowship, Kindred, and Good-Deeds |
| Good-Deeds | fettered by Everyman's sins |
| Good-Deeds directs Everyman to | Knowledge and Confession |
| Geoffrey Chaucer | The Canterbury Tales |
| Thomas a Becket | Archbishop of Canterbury murdered in the cathedral |
| Thomas a Becket was murdered by | knights of Henry II |
| Thomas a Becket was buried | in Canterbury |
| exemplum | a short tale or anectdote told to teach a lesson |
| exemplum of "The Pardoner's Tale" | "the love of money is the root of all evil" |
| number of travelers | 29 + the narrator = 30 |
| Tabard Inn | where the pilgrims meet |
| Tabard Inn was at | the southern end of London Bridge |
| innkeeper | Harry Bailey |
| each pilgrim will tell | two tales going and two tales returning |
| total number of tales there should have been | 120 |
| number of tales actually written | 24 |
| The host (innkeeper) will travel with them to serve as | master of ceremonies |
| Chaucer painted a picture of | 14th century English society in all its breadth and variety |
| Geoffrey Chaucer | 1342-1400 |
| Geoffrey Chaucer | served the king of England |
| Canterbury Tales | 1386-1391 |
| What time of the year is the pilgrimage? | April |
| Morte Darthur | 1485 |
| Morte Darthur | French for "the death of Arthur" |
| Morte Darthur was written by | Thomas Malory |
| Celts were known for | being brutal, unsophisticated |
| Mallory wrote Morte Darthur | while in prison |
| Mallory was charged with | attempted murder |
| Who does King Arthur charge with Excalibur? | Sir Bedivere |
| Excalibur | sword |
| Sir Bediver actually threw in the sword on the | third time |
| Sir Bedivere saw a | hand catching the sword |
| Arthur dies | after he knows the sword has been thrown in the lake |
| Sir Bedivere helps | Arthur down to the water |
| The hermit is | praying by Arthur's tomb |
| Sir Bedivere vows to | serve the hermit |
| Sir Thomas Mallory | 1408-1471 |
| King Arthur defended the Celts | against the Anglo-Saxon invaders |
| king of Camelot | King Arthur |
| Green Knight | a mysterious knight dressed in green and mounted upon a green horse |
| Sir Gawain | King Arthur's nephew |
| Sir Gawain | takes up the challenge of the Green Knight and beheads him |
| "The Pardoner's Tale" has three men looking for | Death |
| The three men find what beneath the oak tree? | a hoard of gold coins |
| William Caxton | set up the first printing press in England |
| William Caxton | 1422-1491 |
| lyric | a short poem characterized by emotion, melody, and imagination |
| drama | a form of literature written in prose or poetry or a combination of the two which relies on action to portray life and character |
| Everyman | an ordinary man who encounters Death and must prepare to meet his Maker |
| Good-deeds | the only friend willing to accompany Everyman to the throne of God |
| Knowledge | the sister of Good-deeds, who agrees to accompany them to the grave but will go no further |
| Sir Bedivere | the last surviving knight of the Round Table, who assists his dying king by casting the sword Excalibur back into the lake |
| romance in the Middle Ages | Morte Darthur and Sir Gawain |
| 2 types of literature which emerged during the Middle Ages | lyric and drama |
| four notable writers of the 14th century | William Langland, Thomas Mallory, Geoffrey Chaucer, and John Wycliffe |
| form of poetry associated with the common people | ballad |
| Father of English prose | John Wycliffe |
| the epitome of "truth, and all honor, freedom, and courtesy" | the knight |
| had been in 15 mortal battles | the knight |
| wise | the knight |
| loved high chivalry | the knight |
| the knight's son | the squire |
| 20 years old | the squire |
| wanted to be brave to impress the ladies | the squire |
| "played the flute or sang the livelong day" | the squire |
| courteous, meek, and able to carve before his father at the table | the squire |
| servant of the knight | the yeoman |
| dressed in green and was swarthy tan | the yeoman |
| wore a Saint Christopher's medal | the yeoman |
| a forester | the yeoman |
| woman in charge of a group of nuns | Prioress |
| the Prioress | the nun |
| Madame Eglantine | the nun |
| minded her manners | the nun |
| had a very tender heart | the nun |
| loved animals | the nun |
| her eyes were grey as glass | the nun |
| Amor vincit omnia | Love conquers all things |
| a clerk | the Oxford scholar |
| threadbare | the Oxford scholar |
| his nag was lean as a rake | the Oxford scholar |
| Kept Aristotle beside his bed | the Oxford scholar |
| he seldom spoke | the Oxford scholar |
| a scholar, learned, wise, and true | the parson |
| rich in holiness though poor in gold | the parson |
| paid tithes for his people | the parson |
| lived Christ's Gospel truly every day | the parson |
| the rich or poor to him were all the same | the parson |
| a good example | the parson |
| pardoner | member of the Roman Catholic Church who was licensed to sell indulgences for sins |
| carried a full wallet | the pardoner |
| sold relics | the pardoner |
| a con man | the pardoner |
| took advantage of the poor and ignorant | the pardoner |
